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Are you struggling to make sense of complex research papers and craft insightful critiques for your academic assignments? Then look no further! Critical Appraisal Skills for Healthcare Students is your indispensable guide to understanding research papers, mastering critical appraisal, and most importantly, succeeding in your summative assignments. While this text is written with Level 5 students in mind, you will find it is a useful text at any academic level when required to engage in evidence-based practice. In today’s ever-evolving healthcare system, the ability to critically appraise research evidence is crucial. In pre-registration programmes, this core skill is often assessed through written assignments. However, students can struggle not only to interpret research papers and evaluate their quality, but also to write about this appraisal in an academic way. This comprehensive textbook equips healthcare students with the evidence skills they need, while also enhancing their ability to produce high-quality assignments. Authored by experienced academics with over two decades of teaching research and evidence-based practice, this text covers core topics such as: The significance of evidence in practice, locating and selecting appropriate literature, and navigating assignments based on the appraisal of research Strategies for reading research papers and understanding them before appraisal The fundamentals of critiquing research, with Key Fact sheets summarising the design issues of specific types of research How to move beyond EBP for academic assessment, towards using evidence in everyday professional practice Critical Appraisal Skills for Healthcare Students is an excellent core text to master the art of critical appraisal and enhance academic performance.
Charlotte Whiffin, RN, PhD, Associate Professor of Nursing, University of Derby, UK. Donna Barnes, RN, PhD, Senior lecturer, University of Derby, UK. Lorraine Henshaw, RN, DProf., Associate Professor of Nursing, University of Salford, UK.
Foreword xiiPreface xivAcknowledgements xviPart I Finding Your Way Around! 1Chapter 1 Introduction to Using This Book 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Who Is the Book For? 41.3 What Is in This Book? 41.3.1 Part 1: Finding Your Way Around! 41.3.2 Part 2: Digging in the Detail! 51.4 Chapter Summary 8Chapter 2 Professional Practice and the Mandate for Evidence- based Practice 9Five Things to Learn from This Chapter 9Five Minutes with Sara, Midwifery Student 102.1 Introduction 112.2 Relevance: Why Healthcare Programmes Have EBP Modules 122.3 Development: Where Did EBP Come From? 142.4 Definitions: What Is EBP? 172.5 Process: How Does EBP Work? 212.6 Hierarchies: What Evidence Is Best? 232.7 Debate: What Are the Criticisms of EBP? 252.8 Writing About EBP in Your Assignment 272.9 Assignment Examples 272.10 End-of-Chapter Checkpoint 282.11 Chapter Summary 29References 29Chapter 3 The Task at Hand 33Five Things to Learn from This Chapter 33Five Minutes with Jack, Occupational Therapy Student 343.1 Introduction 353.2 The Importance of Learning Outcomes 353.3 How to Follow the EBP Process for an Assignment 353.4 Choosing a Topic 383.5 Turning a Topic into a Question 413.6 How to Develop a ‘Good’ Question 423.7 Benefits of a Good Question 443.8 Writing About EBP Questions in Your Assignment 453.9 Assignment Examples 453.10 End-of-Chapter Checkpoint 453.11 Chapter Summary 46References 46Chapter 4 Locating and Identifying Research 48Five Things to Learn from This Chapter 48Five Minutes with David, Nursing Associate Student 494.1 Introduction 504.2 How Much Time Do You Have? 514.3 Why Are You Searching for Literature? 514.4 Prepare to Be Frustrated! 524.5 Looking for the Evidence 534.5.1 Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles 564.5.2 Types of Journal Article 574.6 How to Find Research 574.6.1 Searching for Research 574.6.2 Internet Searching 594.6.3 Subject-Specific Databases 604.6.4 Developing a Search Strategy 624.6.5 Systematic Searching 634.7 Transparent Reporting of Search Methods 734.8 Writing About Systematic Searching in Your Assignment 744.9 Assignment Examples 744.10 End-of-Chapter Checkpoint 754.11 Chapter Summary 76References 76Chapter 5 Preparing the Ground for Appraisal 78Five Things to Learn from This Chapter 78Five Minutes with Jade, Mental Health Nursing Student 795.1 Introduction 805.2 Finding Your Way Around a Research Paper 805.3 Getting to Grips with Your Primary Study 855.4 Gather Your Tools 885.4.1 Research Resources 885.4.2 Peers and Group Support 895.4.3 Make a Plan 895.5 Writing About the Type of Research and Its Layout in Your Assignment 905.6 Assignment Examples 905.7 End-of-Chapter Checkpoint 915.8 Chapter Summary 92References 92Part II Digging in the Detail! 95Chapter 6 Critical Appraisal 97Five Things to Learn from This Chapter 97Five Minutes with Tom, Radiography Student 986.1 Introduction 996.2 How to Use Part 2 996.3 Introducing the Quantitative Researcher 1006.4 Introducing the Qualitative Researcher 1036.5 Introducing the Mixed-Methods Researcher 1056.6 Decision Time 1086.7 The Final Decision 1086.8 Preparing for Appraisal 1096.9 Focusing in on Appraisal 1106.10 Critical Appraisal 1116.11 What Does Being ‘Critical’ Mean? 1136.12 ‘Am I Doing It Right?’ 1156.13 Writing About Critical Appraisal in Your Assignment 1156.14 Assignment Examples 1156.15 End-of-Chapter Checkpoint 1166.16 Chapter Summary 117References 117Chapter 7 Appraising Quantitative Research 120Five Things to Learn from This Chapter 120Five Minutes with Arjan, Assistant Practitioner Student 1217.1 Introduction 1227.2 Characteristics of Quantitative Research 1237.2.1 Typical Quantitative Aims 1237.2.2 Typical Quantitative Data Types and Typical Data Collection Methods 1257.2.3 Typical Quantitative Samples 1267.2.4 Typical Quantitative Data Analysis Methods 1307.2.4.1 Descriptive Analysis 1317.2.4.2 Inferential Analysis 1337.2.5 Typical Quantitative Findings 1347.2.6 Examples 1387.3 Typical Quality Markers for Quantitative Research 1407.3.1 Objectivity, Validity, Reliability, Generalisability 1407.3.2 The Overarching Concern in Quantitative Research: Bias 1437.4 Quantitative Designs Key Facts Sheets 1447.4.1 Surveys 1467.4.2 Experimental Designs 1517.4.3 Cohort Studies 1567.4.4 Case–Control Studies 1617.4.5 Other Designs 1657.5 Your Turn! 1657.6 Writing About Quantitative Research in Your Assignments 1667.7 Assignment Examples 1667.8 End-of-Chapter Checkpoint 1677.9 Chapter Summary 168References 168Chapter 8 Appraising Qualitative Research 172Five Things to Learn from This Chapter 172Five Minutes with Jessica, Adult Nursing Student 1738.1 Introduction 1748.2 Characteristics of Qualitative Research 1758.2.1 Typical Qualitative Aims 1758.2.2 Typical Qualitative Data Collection Methods 1778.2.3 Typical Qualitative Samples 1778.2.4 Typical Qualitative Data Analysis Methods 1798.2.5 Typical Qualitative Findings 1848.2.6 Examples 1848.3 Typical Quality Markers for Qualitative Research 1888.3.1 Subjectivity, Credibility, Confirmability, Transferability 1888.3.2 The Overarching Concern in Qualitative Research: Reflexivity 1918.4 Qualitative Designs Key Facts Sheets 1948.4.1 Qualitative Descriptive Designs 1948.4.2 Phenomenology 1988.4.3 Grounded Theory 2028.4.4 Ethnography 2068.4.5 Narrative Inquiry 2108.4.6 Case Study 2148.4.7 Other Designs 2188.5 Your Turn! 2188.6 Writing About Qualitative Research in Your Assignment 2198.7 Assignment Examples 2198.8 End-of-Chapter Checkpoint 2208.9 Chapter Summary 221References 221Chapter 9 Writing Up Your Research Appraisal 227Five Things to Learn from This Chapter 227Five Minutes with Asha, Paramedic Student 2289.1 Introduction 2309.2 Writing Analytically 2309.3 Preparing to Write Using the DJES Tool 2349.4 Using DJES to Build Analytical Points 2369.5 Examples Using DJES 2379.6 Appraisal Outcome 2469.7 End-of-Chapter Checkpoint 2479.8 Chapter Summary 248References 248Chapter 10 Appraisal in Context 250Five Things to Learn from This Chapter 250Five Minutes with Abigail, Operating Department Practice Student 25110.1 Introduction 25210.2 The Relationship Between Primary Research and EBP 25310.3 Evidence Synthesis 25510.4 Evidence Implementation 25910.4.1 Translating Evidence into Practice 25910.4.2 Barriers to Implementing Evidence 26110.4.2.1 Implementation Barrier: The Evidence 26110.4.2.2 Implementation Barrier: The Organisation 26210.4.2.3 Implementation Barrier: Healthcare Professionals 26310.5 Writing About Evidence Implementation in Your Assignment 26410.6 Assignment Examples 26510.7 End-of-Chapter Checkpoint 26610.8 You Made It to the End. . . Or Is It? 26710.9 Final Words of Wisdom 267References 268Appendix 272Index 282
