Companion to Bioethics

Helga Kuhse is Adjunct Research Associate, School of Philosophy and Bioethics, Monash University, Australia. She is the author, co-author, or editor of more than 150 professional articles and some 15 books, including Bioethics: An Anthology (co-edited with Peter Singer, second edition, Blackwell, 2006).   Peter Singer is Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics in the University Center for Human Values at Princeton University and Laureate Professor in the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at the University of Melbourne. He is the author, co-author, or editor of more than 30 books, including Animal Liberation (first published in 1975), widely credited with triggering the modern animal rights movement, Practical Ethics (second edition, 1993), In Defense of Animals: The Second Wave (Blackwell, 2005), The Moral of the Story: An Anthology of Ethics Through Literature (co-edited with Renata Singer, Blackwell, 2004) and The Life You Can Save (2009). He was the founding president of the International Association of Bioethics, and in 2005 Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world.

• List of Contributors xi Acknowledgments xiiiPart I Introduction 11 What Is Bioethics? A Historical Introduction 3Helga Kuhse and Peter SingerPart II Questions About Bioethics 132 Ethical Theory and Bioethics 15James Rachels3 Culture and Bioethics 24Segun Gbadegesin4 Gender and Bioethics 36Jan Crosthwaite5 Religion and Bioethics 46Eric Gregory6 Law and Bioethics 56Wibren van der BurgPart III Ethical Approaches 657 A Principle-based Approach 67James F. Childress8 Exceptionless Rule Approaches 77Joseph Boyle9 A Utilitarian Approach 85R. M. Hare10 A Virtue Ethics Approach 91Justin Oakley11 A Care Approach 105Rita C. Manning12 A Case Approach 117John D. ArrasPart IV Before Birth: Issues Involving Embryos and Fetuses 12713 Personhood 129Michael Tooley14 Abortion 140Mary Anne Warren15 Mother–Fetus Conflict 149Bonnie SteinbockPart V Issues In Reproduction 16116 Population 163Margaret Pabst Battin17 Assisted Reproduction, Prenatal Testing, and Sex Selection 178Laura M. Purdy18 Cloning 193Gregory PencePart VI The New Genetics 20519 Gene Therapy 207Ruth Chadwick20 Genetic Enhancement 216Julian Savulescu21 Creating and Patenting New Life Forms 235Nils Holtug22 Genetic Counseling, Testing, and Screening 245Angus ClarkePart VII Life and Death Issues 26123 Medical Decisions at the End of Life 263Dan W. Brock24 Severely Disabled Newborns 274Eike-Henner W. Kluge25 Death, Brain Death, and Persistent Vegetative State 286Jeff McMahan26 Advance Directives 299Alexander Morgan Capron27 Voluntary Euthanasia, Suicide, and Physician-assisted Suicide 312Brian Stoffell28 The Slippery Slope Argument 321Govert den HartoghPart VIII Resource Allocation 33329 Deciding Between Patients 335John Harris30 Society's Allocation of Resources for Health 351Daniel Wikler and Sarah Marchand31 Is There a Right to Health Care and, If So, What Does It Encompass? 362Norman DanielsPart IX Organ Donations 37332 A World of Transferable Parts 375Janet Radcliffe RichardsPart X Global Health-care Issues 39133 Global Health Responsibilities 393Christopher Lowry and Udo Schüklenk34 Developing World Challenges 404Udo Schüklenk, Michael Kottow, and Peter A. Sy35 Global Pharmaceutical Markets 417Kevin Outterson and Donald W. Light36 Infectious Disease 430Michael J. Selgelid37 AIDS as a Global Health Emergency 441Udo SchüklenkPart XI Experimentation With Humans and Animals 45538 Research Involving Human Beings 457Florencia Luna and Ruth Macklin39 Regulating Experimentation in Research and Medical Practice 469Paul Ulhas Macneill40 Research Using Preimplantation Human Embryos 487Mary Warnock and Peter Braude41 The Moral Status of Animals and Their Use As Experimental Subjects 495Bernard E. RollinPART XII Ethical Issues in the Practice of Health Care 51142 Confidentiality 513Raanan Gillon and Daniel K. Sokol43 Truth-telling 520Roger Higgs44 Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy 530Robert Young45 Patients Doubtfully Capable or Incapable of Consent 541Carl Elliott46 Ethics in Nursing Practice 551Janet L. Storch47 Global Trends in Nursing Ethics 563Verena TschudinPart XIII The Teaching and Practice of Bioethics 57148 Ethics Committees and Ethics Consultants 573Jonathan D. Moreno49 Teaching Ethics in the Health Professions 584Lynn GillamIndex 594

"The contributors are all experts in the field, and this shows in the quality and breadth of information provided... the Companion is still the best secondary source in navigating the complex and ever-evolving field of bioethics." (Metapsychology, December 2010) "The second edition of A Companion to Bioethics, edited by ethicists Singer (Princeton) and Kuhse (Monash Univ., Australia), should be... a standard one-volume reference work in the field of bioethics. The book's helpful summary of the field's major debates makes it especially helpful for smaller collections that do not procure many of the increasingly specialized monographs on narrow bioethical issues. The book also features a wide range of authors-- from such established scholars as James Childress and the late R. M. Hare to new voices in the field, such as Eric Gregory, who contributes an essay titled "Religion and Bioethics." The essays in the collection are accessible to many levels of readers; those unfamiliar with these debates will find the essays helpful introductions, and specialists will find new readings of classic works or new perspectives on old debates. This important, comprehensive, and superbly edited reference work will prove useful to students and scholars at all levels and a worthwhile addition to all collections." (CHOICE, July 2010) "The reader or student who is interested in bioethics and wants to get a picture about the main questions on this subject will find excellent answers in this exquisite publication edited by Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer. The goal of the editors was to give as complete a picture as possible, choosing very carefully from the theme of bioethics; they succeeded in their goal. This success was achieved because the authors of the book are acknowledged and respected scientists and teachers of bioethics, and they used their experience to give the reader an insight into their subject material." (Nursing Ethics)"Although the growth of bioethical discussion and practice has been huge in the last decades, the contents of the book provide a good introduction to the whole of the discipline, from discussions about the relationship between bioethics and law, culture, gender, or religion, to a survey of the different approaches available in ethical theory…. Together with an useful index and directory, and its accompanying volume of classical texts Bioethics: An Anthology, … this book provides an ideal basis for course and committee use in this field, and will be of interest to doctors, therapists, lawyers, journalists, and philosophers alike. Not to forget, of course, patients -- a group we all are likely to join at one time or another." (MentalHelp.net)