Clinical Cases in Avian and Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology

THE AUTHORS: Terry W. Campbell is an Associate Professor in the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Krystan R. Grant is a Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.

• Preface ixAcronyms and Abbreviations xiSection 1: Mammalian Hematology Case StudiesCase 1 A 6-year-old otter undergoing a routine physical examination 5Case 2 A 10-year-old ferret with lethargy and anorexia 9Case 3 A 6-year-old ferret with anorexia and lethargy 13Case 4 A 2-year-old ferret with weight loss and lethargy 17Case 5 A 3-year-old rabbit with anorexia 21Case 6 A 6-year-old hedgehog with anorexia and ataxia 27Case 7 A 7-year-old guinea pig with anorexia and decreased water intake 31Case 8 A 31/2-year-old ferret with lethargy and weight loss 35Section 2: Avian Hematology Case StudiesCase 9 A 1-year-old parrot with an acute onset of severe illness 45Case 10 A 2-year-old chicken with lethargy inappetence and lack of egg laying 49Case 11 A 14-year-old macaw with feather-picking behavior and weight loss 53Case 12 A 14-year-old parrot with weakness anorexia and labored breathing 57Case 13 A 4-year-old parrot with anorexia weakness and lethargy 61Case 14 An adult vulture with generalized weakness 65Case 15 A 2-year-old tragopan with wounds 67Case 16 A 5-month-old chicken with lethargy 69Case 17 A 4-year-old budgerigar with generalized weakness and breathing heavily 73Case 18 A 41/2-year-old duck with acute dyspnea 75Case 19 A 14-year-old falcon with anorexia 79Case 20 An 8-month-old hawk with anorexia weakness and vomiting 83Case 21 A juvenile kestrel with a drooping right wing and blood in the left nares 89Section 3: Herptile Hematology Case StudiesCase 22 A 20-year-old turtle with lethargy and anorexia 95Case 23 A 3-year-old lizard with lethargy and keeping the eyes closed 101Case 24 An 18-month-old lizard with an oral mass 105Case 25 A 35-year-old tortoise with anorexia lethargy and constipation 111Case 26 An adult turtle with a fractured carapace and leg laceration 117Case 27 A 2-year-old lizard with anorexia and weight loss 121Section 4: Fish Hematology Case StudiesCase 28 An adult stingray with weight loss and lethargy 127Case 29 An adult stingray undergoing a routine physical examination 131Section 5: Mammalian Cytology Case StudiesCase 30 A 6-year-old guinea pig with excessive drinking and urination soft stools and weight loss 137Case 31 A 2-year-old rat with diarrhea dry skin and squinting eye 143Case 32 A 6-year-old tiger with two masses in her mouth 147Case 33 A 10-year-old lion with weight loss and lethargy 151Case 34 A 51/2-year-old ferret presented for a presurgical evaluation 155Case 35 A 4-year-old ferret with a tail mass 159Case 36 A 5-year-old rabbit with a mass near the left nostril 163Case 37 A 1-year-old chinchilla with a closed eye 167Case 38 A 5-year-old ferret with a swollen head 169Case 39 A 2-year-old rat with a swelling around the left inguinal area 173Case 40 A 5-year-old ferret with lethargy dyspnea diarrhea polyuria and polydypsia 175Case 41 A 3-year-old guinea pig with anorexia and decreased water intake 179Case 42 A 9-year-old ferret with a mass on the ear 181Case 43 A 3-year-old ferret with lethargy and weight loss 183Case 44 A 3-month-old ferret with a prolapsed rectum 187Case 45 A 21/2-year-old gerbil with lethargy and anorexia 193Case 46 A 5-year-old guinea pig with an ulcerated swelling in the abdominal area 195Case 47 A 6-year-old ferret with pawing at the mouth 199Case 48 A 7-year-old ferret with bilateral alopecia 203Section 6: Avian Cytology Case StudiesCase 49 A 20-year-old parrot with dyspnea weight loss and persistent ascites 209Case 50 An 11-year-old cockatiel with a mass in the ear 213Case 51 A 4-year-old cockatiel with a swollen head 215Case 52 An adult owl with a swollen elbow 219Case 53 A 2-year-old macaw with left leg lameness 221Case 54 A 6-year-old lovebird with dystocia 225Case 55 A 5-year-old parrot with dyspnea 227Case 56 A 2-year-old macaw with anorexia and weight loss 235Case 57 An adult goose with a mass on the wing 241Case 58 A 14-year-old budgerigar with lethargy and anorexia 245Case 59 A 35-year-old parrot with weight loss and dyspnea 249Case 60 A 29-year-old parrot with halitosis and reduced vocalization 253Case 61 A 6-month-old cockatiel with labored breathing 257Case 62 A 13-year-old parrot with a prolapsed cloaca 259Case 63 A 17-year-old cockatoo with broken blood feathers 265Case 64 An adult duck with a mass on the rhinotheca 271Case 65 A 3-month-old flamingo with a mass on the rhinotheca 277Section 7: Herptile Cytology Case StudiesCase 66 A 2-year-old lizard with difficulty breathing 281Case 67 A 3-year-old lizard with vomiting and weight loss 285Case 68 A 9-year-old lizard with a mass near the vent 287Case 69 A 19-year-old lizard with a large mass on its leg 289Case 70 An 11-year-old lizard with an oral mass 293Case 71 A 10-year-old snake with a coelomic mass and concern of intestinal impaction 297Case 72 A 9-month-old lizard with anorexia and weight loss 299Case 73 A 6-year-old lizard with a tail mass 301Case 74 A 27-year-old snake with a snout lesion 305Case 75 A 1-year-old lizard with multiple infections 309Case 76 An adult snake with severe dyspnea 311Case 77 An adult newt with a white skin lesion 315Case 78 An adult frog in a moribund condition 317Case 79 A 10-year-old lizard with anorexia 321Section 8: Fish Cytology Case StudiesCase 80 An adult eel with anorexia and skin lesions 325Case 81 A 11/2-year-old goldfish with dropsy 329Case 82 A 6-year-old fish with a red mass protruding from the vent 333Case 83 An adult stingray with skin masses 335Case 84 An adult fish with a mass projecting from the gills 339Case 85 A 5-year-old fish with bloating and constipation 341Case 86 An adult fish with lesions around its mouth 345Case 87 An adult fish with a large red mass on its belly 349Case 88 A 3-year-old fish with a growth below the eye 351Case 89 An adult fish with increased gilling and eye lesions 355Case 90 A fish that is a sole survivor of a massive fish die-off 357Case 91 An adult stingray presented for examination for coccidia 359Case 92 An adult fish with a large mass on its operculum 361Case 93 An adult fish with a mass on its side 365Case 94 An adult fish with ulcerative skin lesions 367References 371Index 373

"I would recommend this book to anyone with an interest in learning how to work up a case with the use of hematology and cytology, how to interpret, how to stain and read slides, and how to follow up. An excellent book to keep in the break room for veterinarians and technicians to read and discuss". (Vin Book Reviews, 2011) "The book covers a wide variety of species -- mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Each case includes a pertinent signalment and history, physical exam findings, hematological or cytological results and interpretation, and other appropriate diagnostic results that help readers form a complete picture of the case. The text is augmented by full-color pictures of blood smears and cytology specimens for each case. Of particular value in this book is the detailed history and signalment provided for each case. The book includes the final diagnosis in most cases and any follow-up that occurred. These features make this book an extremely practical resource for anyone seeing these patients.This is a well-written and designed book providing real-life examples to veterinarians and veterinary students working with nontraditional species." (Doody's, January 2011)"The cases are presented in an easy to follow format.... The color photos and microscopic images are beautifully done representations of what is seen in these diagnostic cases. I would recommend this book for the practicing veterinary technician as well as the practitioner that works with avian and exotic animal patients. It is a great reference for anyone involved in the hematology or cytological examination of exotics. Exotic practices will find it a very useful addition to their library." -VSPN (November 2010)