Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters

Charles R. Goldman, Distinguished Professor of Limnology in the Department of Environmental Science and Policy, has been with the University of California, Davis, since 1958. He developed the first courses in limnology and oceanography at UC Davis, served as Chair of the Division of Environmental Studies from 1988-1992, and was founding Director of the Institute of Ecology, serving from 1966-1969 and again in 1990-92. In 1973-74, he was elected Vice President of the Ecological Society of America, and accepted a Fulbright Distinguished Professorship to Yugoslavia in 1985. He was awarded the Vollenweider Lectureship in Canada in 1989, the Chevron Conservation Award and Culver Man-of-the Year in 1991, the Earle A. Chiles Award in 1992, the UC Davis Distinguished Public Service & Research Lecturer awards in 1993, the inaugural UC Davis Distinguished Graduate Mentoring Award in 2002, the Nevada Medal and UC Davis Distinguished Professor in 2003, and the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography's Alfred Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award in 2004. He was elected Vice President of the International Society of Limnology (SIL) for 1992-98, presented the prestigious Baldi Lecture at the triennial SIL Congress in Ireland in August 1998, and currently serves as an elected national representative to the world body. He was appointed the inaugural President of the World Water and Climate Network in 2003. Professor Goldman's career work has been honored with a most prestigious award: the 1998 Albert Einstein World Award of Science, presented at a formal international ceremony held in New Zealand. The Einstein Award, bestowed annually to a single individual by a council of eminent scientists that includes 25 Nobel laureates, recognizes those who have accomplished scientific and technological achievements that have advanced scientific understanding and benefited humanity. He became Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Tahoe Baikal Institute in 2009.Dr. Michio Kumagai, Secretary General of World Water and Climate Network, Director of Environmental Information, Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute.Dr Richard D. Robarts, Director, UNEP GEMS/Water Programme.

• List of Contributors xiiiPreface xixPart I Impacts on Physical, Chemical, and Biological Processes 11 Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of Arctic Rivers 3Robert M. Holmes, Michael T. Coe, Greg J. Fiske, Tatiana Gurtovaya, James W. McClelland, Alexander I. Shiklomanov, Robert G.M. Spencer, Suzanne E. Tank, and Alexander V. Zhulidov2 Climate Impacts on Arctic Lake Ecosystems 27Warwick F. Vincent, Isabelle Laurion, Reinhard Pienitz, and Katey M. Walter Anthony3 Trends in Hydrological and Hydrochemical Processes in Lake Baikal under Conditions of Modern Climate Change 43M.N. Shimaraev and V.M. Domysheva4 Hydrological Analysis of the Yellow River Basin, China 67Xieyao Ma, Yoshinobu Sato, Takao Yoshikane, Masayuki Hara, Fujio Kimura, and Yoshihiro Fukushima5 Water Resources under Climate Change in the Yangtze River Basin 79Marco Gemmer, Buda Su, and Tong Jiang6 Biogeochemical Ecosystem Dynamics in Lake Biwa under Anthropogenic Impacts and Global Warming 95Mitsuru Sakamoto7 Eutrophication, Warming and Historical Changes of the Plankton Community in Lake Biwa during the Twentieth Century 111Narumi K. Tsugeki and Jotaro Urabe8 Numerical Simulation of Future Overturn and Ecosystem Impacts for Deep Lakes in Japan 131Daisuke Kitazawa9 Model Development to Evaluate the Impacts of Climate Change on Total Phosphorus Concentrations in Lakes 145Kohei Yoshiyama10 Recent Climate-Induced Changes in Freshwaters in Denmark 155Erik Jeppesen, Brian Kronvang, Torben B. Jørgensen, Søren E. Larsen, Hans E. Andersen, Martin Søndergaard, Lone Liboriussen, Rikke Bjerring, Liselotte S. Johansson, Dennis Trolle, and Torben L. Lauridsen11 Lake Phytoplankton Responses to Global Climate Changes 173Kirsten Olrik, Gertrud Cronberg, and Hel´ene Annadotter12 The Influence of Climate Change on Lake Geneva 201Ulrich Lemmin and Adeline Amouroux13 Climate Change and Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region of North America: Effects, Management and Mitigation 219Marley J. Waiser14 Historic and Likely Future Impacts of Climate Change on Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA 231Robert Coats, Goloka Sahoo, John Riverson, Mariza Costa-Cabral, Michael Dettinger, Brent Wolfe, John Reuter, Geoffrey Schladow, and Charles R. Goldman15 Our New Biological Future? The Influence of Climate Change on the Vulnerability of Lakes to Invasion by Non-Native Species 255Marion E. Wittmann, Ka Lai Ngai, and Sudeep Chandra16 Long-Term Changes in the Lake Kinneret Ecosystem: The Effects of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Factors 271Ilia Ostrovsky, Alon Rimmer, Yosef Z. Yacobi, Ami Nishri, Assaf Sukenik, Ora Hadas, and Tamar Zohary17 Climate Change and the Floodplain Lakes of the Amazon Basin 295John M. Melack and Michael T. Coe18 Climatic Variability, Mixing Dynamics, and Ecological Consequences in the African Great Lakes 311Sally MacIntyre19 Effects of Climate Change on New Zealand Lakes 337David P. Hamilton, Chris McBride, Deniz Ozkundakci, Marc Schallenberg, Piet Verburg, Mary de Winton, David Kelly, Chris Hendy, and Wei Ye20 Global Change Effects on Antarctic Freshwater Ecosystems: The Case of Maritime Antarctic Lakes 367Antonio Quesada and David VelazquezPart II Impacts on Societies 38321 Adaptation to a Changing Climate in Northern Mongolia 385Clyde E. Goulden and Munhtuya N. Goulden22 Managing the Effects of Climate Change on Urban Water Resources 395Gabriela da Costa SilvaPart III Mitigation Approaches 41323 Water Management Preparation Strategies for Adaptation to Changing Climate 415Balazs M. Fekete and Eugene Stakhiv24 In Search of Strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Global Warming on Aquatic Ecosystems 429Justin D. Brookes, Martin Schmid, Dominic Skinner, and Alfred Wuest25 Artificial Decomposition of Water into Hydrogen and Oxygen by Electrolysis to Restore Oxygen in Climate Change-Impacted Waters 449Michio Kumagai and Hiroyasu Takenaka26 Summary and Conclusions 455Michio KumagaiIndex 461

“Limnologists, climate change biologists, fresh water ecologists, paleo-ecologists and students taking courses on earth and environmental sciences, will find this book summarising over 2,000 references to the scientific literature invaluable. It is equally of interest for policy makers, engineers and planners dealing with the climate change-freshwater ecology interphase.”  (Latin American J. Management for Sustainable Development, 1 October 2014)“In summary, this is a delightful book that will appeal to limnologists, freshwater ecologists, hydrologists, paleoenvironmental scientists, and water engineers.  There is also plenty inside for those students and researchers who are simply curious about some of the most remote and remarkable water landscapes on Earth.”  (Quarterly Review Biology, 1 March 2015)“Readers with an interest in climate change will find this book challenging and informative; however, its target audience is those with a good general back-ground in physical sciences towards the graduate and professional level.”  (New Zealand Geographer, 1 April 2014)“The book is a real representative one for environmental education, since it can assist students who are in the process of selecting an inspiring, relevant topic for their studies and later, their final research reports.”  (Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 1 February 2014)“Overall, a valuable resource for graduate students and professional scientists and engineers, but less appropriate for undergraduates and the lay public. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Graduate students and above.”  (Choice, 1 October  2013)