Clearing the Smoke

Despite overwhelming evidence of tobacco's harmful effects and pressure from anti-smoking advocates, current surveys show that about one-quarter of all adults in the United States are smokers. This audience is the target for a wave of tobacco products and pharmaceuticals that claim to preserve tobacco pleasure while reducing its toxic effects. Clearing the Smoke addresses the problems in evaluating whether such products actually do reduce the health risks of tobacco use. Within the context of regulating such products, the committee explores key questions: Does the use of such products decrease exposure to harmful substances in tobacco? Is decreased exposure associated with decreased harm to health? Are there surrogate indicators of harm that could be measured quickly enough for regulation of these products? What are the public health implications? This book looks at the types of products that could reduce harm and reviews the available evidence for their impact on various forms of cancer and other major ailments. It also recommends approaches to governing these products and tracking their public health effects. With an attitude of healthy skepticism, Clearing the Smoke will be important to health policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, manufacturers and marketers of "reduced-harm" tobacco products, and anyone trying to sort through product claims. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Principles of Harm Reduction 3 Historical Perspective and Lessons Learned 4 Products for Tobacco Exposure Reduction 5 The Scientific Basis for PREP Assessment 6 Surveillance for the Health and Behavioral Consequences of Exposure Reduction 7 Implementation of a Science-Based Policy of Harm Reduction 8 Principal Conclusions 9 Nicotine Pharmacology 10 Tobacco Smoke and Toxicology 11 Exposure and Biomarker Assessment in Humans 12 Cancer 13 Cardiovascular Disease 14 Nonneoplastic Respiratory Diseases 15 Reproductive and Developmental Effects 16 Other Health Effects A Presentations and Submissions B Committee Biographical Sketches C Time Line of Tobacco Events Index