Children and Violence

EINAR HELANDER  is an advisor to the Portuguese National Commission for the Protection of Children and Youth, as well as to the World Health Organization, having worked previously as the WHO's Chief Medical Officer for the Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation Programme. He has taught at universities for almost 60 years, and has founded successful initiatives creating community-based health and social programmes.

• PART ONE: INTRODUCTION You Cut a Rose and Release a Tornado Definitions, Materials and Methods Mirrors of the Past PART TWO: THE EVIDENCE: THE MICRO-SYSTEM VIOLENCE TOWARDS BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL ORPHANS Children in Residential Institutions Children on Their Own Parent Deprivation: Consequences and Alternatives PART THREE: THE EVIDENCE. DAMAGING EFFECTS BY THE MESOSYSTEM: CHILDHOOD VIOLENCE OCCURING IN BIRTH FAMILIES AND ITS CONSEQUENCES Prevalence of Childhood Violence Microsystem Consequences and Upstream Effects of Childhood Violence PART FOUR: ROLE OF EXO- AND MACROSYSTEMS Causes and Contributors to Childhood Violence and the Potentials for Primary Prevention Human Services for the Child Victims PART FIVE: THE GLOBAL SYSTEM: PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN RIGHTS, EVOLUTION, DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS Human Rights and Human Wrongs Poverty, Inequality and Solidarity The Sacrifice of the Poor PART SIX: PRIMARY CHILD VIOLENCE PREVENTION BY EXOSYSTEMS A Community-Based Child Defence and Support (CDS) Programme Conclusions