Del 10 i serien History, Archaeology, and Culture of the Levant

Camels in the Biblical World

Inbunden, Engelska, 2021

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Camels are first mentioned in the Bible as the movable property of Abraham. During the early monarchy, they feature prominently as long-distance mounts for the Queen of Sheba, and almost a millennium later, the Gospels tell us about the impossibility of a camel passing through a needle’s eye. Given the limited extrabiblical evidence for camels before circa 1000 BCE, a thorough investigation of the spatio-temporal history of the camel in the ancient Near and Middle East is necessary to understand their early appearance in the Hebrew Bible.Camels in the Biblical World is a two-part study that charts the cultural trajectories of two domestic species—the two-humped or Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) and the one-humped or Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius)—from the fourth through first millennium BCE and up to the first century CE. Drawing on archaeological camel remains, iconography, inscriptions, and other text sources, the first part reappraises the published data on the species’ domestication and early exploitation in their respective regions of origin. The second part takes a critical look at the various references to camels in the Hebrew Bible and the Gospels, providing a detailed philological analysis of each text and referring to archaeological data and zoological observations whenever appropriate. A state-of-the-art evaluation of the cultural history of the camel and its role in the biblical world, this volume brings the humanities into dialogue with the natural sciences. The novel insights here serve scholars in disciplines as diverse as biblical studies, (zoo)archaeology, history, and philology.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2021-10-26
Mått152 x 229 x 38 mm
Vikt726 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
SerieHistory, Archaeology, and Culture of the Levant
Antal sidor432
FörlagPennsylvania State University Press
ISBN9781646021369
UtmärkelserNominated for Biblical Archaeology Society Best Book on the Hebrew Bible 2023

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Mellanösterns historia inom Historia och arkeologi

List of IllustrationsForewordList of AbbreviationsChapter 1. IntroductionChapter 2. Old World Camelids2.1. Taxonomy, Evolutionary Adaptations, and Human Exploitation2.1.1. Taxonomy2.1.2. Evolutionary Adaptations2.1.3. Human Exploitation2.2. Ancestry and Early Domestication History2.2.1. Ancestry2.2.2. Early Domestication History2.3. A Most Useful Hybrid2.4. Ancient Camel NomenclatureChapter 3. Zooarchaeological, Iconographic, and Textural Evidence for the Presence of Camels in the Biblical World and Adjacent Regions3.1. Camels in Central Asia and Iran3.1.1. Camel Remains3.1.2. Camel Iconography3.1.3. Camels in Inscriptions from Iran3.2. Camels in Mesopotamia and the Northern Levant3.2.1. Camel Remains3.2.2. Camels on Seals and Reliefs3.2.3. Camel Figurines3.2.4. The Cuneiform Record3.2.5. Domestication Scenarios for the “Donkey of the Sealand”3.3. Camels in Arabia3.3.1. The Osteological Record3.3.2. The Dromedary Saddle and Its Supposed Evolution3.3.3. Dromedary Figurines3.3.4. Camels in North Arabian Inscriptions and in Classical Arabic3.3.5. Camels in South Arabian Inscriptions3.3.6. Camels in Arabian Rock Art3.3.7. Hybrids and Bactrian Camels in Arabia3.4. Camels in Egypt3.4.1. Camel Remains3.4.2. Camel Figurines and Artistic Camel Representations3.4.3. Camels in Ancient Egyptian Inscriptions and Literature3.4.4. Camel Depictions in Rock Art in the Sinai Peninsula and in Egypt3.5. Camels in the Southern Levant3.5.1. Camel Remains3.5.2. Camel Figurines and Camel Depictions3.5.3. Camels from Israel and Judah in InscriptionsChapter 4. Camels in the Patriarchal Narratives and Israel’s Early History4.1. The Text of the Hebrew Bible4.1.1. Camels in the Biblical Manuscripts from Qumran4.2. Camels in the Genesis Narratives4.2.1. Abram and Sarai’s Sojourn in Egypt (Gen 12:10-13:1)4.2.2. Abram’s Camels on Their Journey to Aram-Naharaim4.2.3. Jacob’s Camels on His Return from Aram-Naharaim to Canaan4.2.4. The Camels of the Ishmaelites and the Donkeys of the Patriarchs4.2.5. Concluding Remarks4.3. Camels and the Exodus4.4. Camels in the Dietary Laws of the Pentateuch4.5. Camels in the Book of Judges4.6. Camels in the Books of SamuelChapter 5. Camels in the United and Divided Kingdoms5.1. The Queen of Sheba and Her Caravan5.1.1. Historical Considerations5.2. The Forty Camel Loads from Syria5.3. Incidents Involving Camels from the Books of Chronicles5.3.1. The Camels of the Hagrites5.3.2. Camels as Transport Animals in the Wake of the United Monarchy5.3.3. Camels in the Royal Administration of King David5.3.4. The Camels of “Zerah the Cushite”Chapter 6. Camels in the Prophets and Other Writings6.1. Camels in Isaiah’s Prophecies6.1.1. The Advancing Enemy of Babylon6.1.2. The Oracle Against Egypt6.1.3. “Dust Clouds of Camels” in Israel’s Glorious Empire6.1.4. Chariots, Dancing Camels, or Joyous People?6.2. Camels in Jeremiah’s Prophecies6.2.1. The Unreliable She-Camel and the Hot Jenny6.2.2. The Oracle Against Qedar6.3. Camels in the Book of Ezekiel6.4. Camels in the book of Zechariah6.5. Camels in the Book of Job6.6. Camels on Their Return from ExileChapter 7. Camels in the Gospels7.1. John the Baptist’s Ascetic Lifestyle7.2. The Camel and the Needle’s EyeChapter 8. Domestic Camels in the Biblical World: Summary and ConclusionsChapter 9. EpilogueBibliographyIndex of Ancient SourcesIndex of AnimalsIndex of Proper NamesIndex of Terms