Art of Scaling

Huib Zijderveld MSc. served as an air force reservist, and as artillery, intelligence, and CIMIC (Civil-Military Cooperation) officer. His PhD research examines the domestic role of armed forces, particularly how civil-military organizations and networks develop, adapt and create legitimacy. He is research fellow at the Netherlands Defense Academy to bridge his academic research with military service. Drawing on both military and academic experience, Huib Zijderveld aims to strengthen the resilience of security organizations and society as a whole. Floribert Baudet is professor of Military History at the Netherlands Defense Academy and the University of Amsterdam. He received his PhD in the history of international relations from Utrecht University. He has published widely on a variety of topics, including the former Yugoslavia, Dutch foreign and defence policy, the war of aggression against Ukraine, and total defence. Annelies van Vark works as a senior advisor for the Defense Staff, Ministry of Defense. Her current focus is on scalability of the Dutch armed forces in preparation for a possible military conflict. She is also an external PhD candidate at Leiden University, finishing her dissertation on the changing domestic role of the armed forces in the Netherlands, Sweden and Finland from a civil-military relations perspective. René Moelker is associate professor of Armed Forces and Society at the Netherlands Defence Academy. His field of study ranges from military technology to military families, from veterans to naval history, from international collaboration to national use of the Armed Forces. Edwin Dado is associate professor of Military Engineering at the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy. His current research interests include, project- and process management, area denial, hydraulic warfare and building information modelling. Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Ronald Vuijk is appointed as civil-military interaction advisor at the Economics network of 1CMI in Apeldoorn. His research focuses on public administration, in particular local government and resilient government. He is an associate advisor at consultancy firm Berenschot and a guest researcher at Radboud University. He received his PhD in public administration from Radboud University in 2020. Ronald was a member of the Standing Committee on Defense of Dutch parliament (House of Representatives) from 2012 to 2017.

• Table of Contents; Foreword – Maarten Schurink and General Onno Eichelsheim; Introduction – Huib Zijderveld, Annelies van Vark, Floribert Baudet, Edwin Dado, René Moelker & Ronald Vuijk; Part 1 Historical Perspectives; 1. The Dutch state and the Dutch arms industry as incentives for military reforms, standardisation and increasing scales of the Dutch state army and war fleet, 1585-1621 – Michiel de Jong; 2. “If fate should strike us with a new occupation…”. Dutch defence preparations, 1946-1949 – Floribert Baudet; 3. The Cold War life jacket: The scalable armed forces of the Netherlands – A historical perspective – Jan Hoffenaar and Daan Theodorus Sanders; Part 2 Organising Scalability; 4. Upstream scaling of resources for defence from an organisational network perspective – Paul C. van Fenema, Joerg Raab, and Matthijs J.E.M. van Groenendael; 5. Scaling in unpredictable strategic environments: Reflecting on strategic flexibility from an emergent innovation perspective – Robbert Marnix Verhulst; 6. Scalable defence infrastructure: Leveraging Legolisation and industrial, flexible and demountable building for operational flexibility within the Dutch defence – Edwin Dado, Jan Willem Petersen, Sebastiaan Leertouwer, Ruud Moeskops, and Alexander Schmets; 7. The challenge of scaling innovation in the Netherlands armed forces: Integrating technological artifacts in multilayered sociotechnical systems – Eric-Hans Kramer, Guido van Os, and Robbert Marnix Verhulst; 8. Readiness through scalability: Structuring the military for large scale combat operations – Cornelis van Lit; 9. Scalable preparedness: Healthcare initiatives for resilient wartime response – Willem Goes, René Janssen, and Alexander van Oers; 10. The role of mission command in scaling up the armed forces – Kevin van Loon and Stefan Mastenbroek; Part 3 Enabling Scalability; 11. Creating support for conscription: The dilemma of scaling up human resources – René Moelker and Jörg Noll; 12. Promising strategies for building societal resilience against hybrid warfare – Jeanette de Weert and Mark Levels; 13. Exploring grassroots knowledge production: Towards internal crowdsourcing for military intelligence – Emma van der Meulen and Peter de Werd; 14. Wisdom of crowds: An exploratory case-study on crowdsourcing as a method for intelligence gathering within the Dutch Defence Intelligence and Security Service – Emma van der Meulen; 15. Scaling military education in wartime – Roy de Ruiter; 16. Scalability of NATO armed forces from a financial-economic perspective: A preliminary descriptive account – Marion Bogers, Michelle Hogendoorn, Jacqueline Heeren-Bogers, and Robert Beeres; 17. Growing gains? Financial scalability of the Dutch defence industry by private equity – Erwin Hardeman, Robert Bertrand, Jan van Lieshout, and Robert Beeres; 18. Export controls: A scalable set of instruments to counter threats to national and global security in a changing world – Joop Voetelink; Discussion and Conclusions – Huib Zijderveld, Floribert Baudet and Annelies van Vark; About the Editors; About the Authors; List of Figures; List of Tables