Arabs and the Scramble for Africa

John C. Wilkinson, D.Litt, is a former Reader at Oxford University and an Emeritus Fellow of St Hugh's College, Oxford, where he taught from 1969 until his retirement in 1997. He has advised several governments in the Middle East on their frontier disputes, including as Counsel for Bahrain in Qatar vs Bahrain, the longest running case to have appeared before the International Court of Justice at The Hague. He is author of numerous articles and several books, notably: Water and Tribal Settlement in South-East Arabia (Clarendon Press, 1977), The Imamate Tradition of Oman (Cambridge University Press, 1987), Arabia's Frontiers (I.B. Tauris, 1991), A Fatal Duel: "Harry Alis" (1857-95), a behind the scenes figure of the early Third Republic (Antony Rowe, 2006) and Ibadism: Origins and early development in Oman (Oxford University Press, 2010).

• List of maps Abbreviations and conventions Foreword PART I PRE-SCRAMBLE PERSPECTIVES 1 The Omani perspective: part 1 2 The Omani perspective part II: growing British influence 3 The early Arab penetration into the African mainland 4 Oman and Zanzibar: Britain and France 5 Barghash's reign: the first dozen years 6 The mainland 7 AIC phase I PART II ENTER GERMANY 8 German colonization in East Africa 9 Confrontation 10 The Swahili uprising PART III THE ETAT INDEPENDANT DU CONGO 11 The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition (EPRE): part 1 12 The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition: part II 13 EIC: consolidation of state: the Arab Zone 14 The Arab Zone 15 First clashes 16 War 17 Envoi: Zanzibar 1896 Appendix. Arab Material in Belgian Archives