Analysis of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Emerging Economies

Clara Inés Pardo Martínez, PhD, is Executive Director of the Colombian Observatory of Science and Technology. She holds degrees in Management and Economics, and is a food and environmental sanitation engineer as well as a leading international auditor.Alexander Cotte Poveda is Research Associate at the Colombian Observatory of Science and Technology and International Consultant on Science, Technology and Innovation for the World Bank.Sylvia Patricia Fletscher Monreno is Professor of Microeconomics, Economic Theory and Principles of Economics and Magister in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development at the Universidad Externado de Colombia. She is also project manager and researcher at Colombian Observatory of Science and Technology.

• Chapter 1. Influence of Science, Technology, and Innovation on Urban Sustainability.- Chapter 2. Applying a New Methodology to Measure Investment in R&D and Science and Technology Activities: The Case of Colombia.- Chapter 3. Bioprospecting Model for a New Colombia Drug Discovery Initiative in the Pharmaceutical Industry.- Chapter 4. Patents for All: Descriptive and Content Analysis of an Open Access Dataset of Colombian Patents 1930-2000.- Chapter 5. Open Access Policies in Science to Promote Science, Technology and Innovation in Emerging Economies. The Case of Colombia.- Chapter 6. The Inclusion of Ecuadorian Women in Scientific-Technological Fields.- Chapter 7. Effects of Expenditures in Science, Technology and R&D on Technical Change in Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.- Chapter 8. Science, Technology and Water Access.- Chapter 9. The Ecuadorian Technological Scientific Policy in the Frame of "Buen Vivir".- Chapter 10. Against All Odds: Scientific Education, Scientific Competencies and the Ideals of an Eudcated Country. Colombia 1995-2015.- Chapter 11. III and IV National Survey of Perception in Science, Technology and Innovation: A Comparative Review for the Years 2012 and 2015.- Chapter 12. Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Technology-based Clusters in Emerging Economies. How can the Madrid Aerospace Cluster Reinforce the Mexican Aerospace Industry?.- Chapter 13. Strategies for Identification of Interdisciplinary Research Subjects: Approach, Tools and Opportunities for Sustainable Development of Agricultural Economies. - Chapter 14. An analysis of urban public policy regarding science, technology and innovation from the perceptions of stakeholders. A case study for a city of an emerging country