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At the end of the Second World War, a new technological trend was born: integrated electronics. This trend relied on the enormous rise of integrable electronic devices.Analog Devices and Circuits is composed of two volumes: the first deals with analog components, and the second with associated analog circuits. The goal here is not to create an overly comprehensive analysis, but rather to break it down into smaller sections, thus highlighting the complexity and breadth of the field.This first volume, after a brief history, describes the two main devices, namely bipolar transistors and MOS, with particular importance given to the modeling aspect. In doing so, we deal with new devices dedicated to radio frequency, which touches on nanoelectronics. We will also address some of the notions related to quantum mechanics. Finally, Monte Carlo methods, by essence statistics, will be introduced, which have become more and more important since the middle of the twentieth century.The second volume deals with the circuits that "use" the analog components that were introduced in Volume 1. Here, a particular emphasis is placed on the main circuit: the operational amplifier.
Christian Gontrand is a Professor at INL/INSA Lyon, France, focusing on 3D circuits. He was formerly a Head Professor in the Smart Power Integration team at Laboratoire Ampère and had technical charge of the CIMIRLY from 1988 to 1996. His current research focuses on Artificial Intelligence applied to health.
Preface ixChapter 1 On Analog Circuits 11.1 Introduction: miscellaneous 11.1.1 SPICE 11.1.2 Technologies: conception-aided design 51.1.3 Resistor technologies 121.2 A simple but realistic amplifier circuit: the bipolar junction transistor with a common emitter 191.2.1 Small signal equivalent schematic of common feedback emitter with base bridge 201.2.2 Current gain calculation 211.3 Integrated circuit design 221.4 Current sources 231.4.1 Simple current sources 231.4.2 Wildar current source 241.4.3 Wilson current source 241.4.4 Current source and voltage source 271.4.5 Advantages and disadvantages of both sources: one phase and Wildar 281.4.6 Cascode-connected current source 331.4.7 Single current source 341.4.8 Improved Wilson current source 351.5 A historic circuit: the 741 operational amplifier 351.5.1 Active charge 371.5.2 741 description 381.5.3 Continuous analysis 391.5.4 Analysis of 741 small signals 451.5.5 The third stage 521.5.6 Considering the effect of the second order: computer analysis 571.6 Electric simulator 591.6.1 Analysis of steady-state linear circuits 611.6.2 Transitional analysis 661.6.3 Nonlinear system: Newton–Raphson method 711.7 Simulation of a system with several active devices 881.8 Basic analog functional blocks in (C)MOS technology 1071.8.1 Common source NMOS transistors 1071.8.2 Reminder on the general structure of the operational amplifier 1181.9 Conclusion 146Chapter 2 Noise and Interference in Mixed Circuits 1472.1 Introduction 1472.2 Ground or power supply noise and substrate coupling 1482.2.1 Noise propagation in a silicon substrate 1502.2.2 Simulation methodology 1522.3 Noise in integrated oscillator circuits 1602.3.1 Oscillator design considerations 1602.3.2 VCO topography 1612.3.3 Results and discussion 1662.4 Sensitivity functions 1712.5 New developments in impulse sensitivity function 1772.5.1 Oscillators: brief recap of the theory 1772.5.2 Pulse sensitivity function (with some recap) 1812.5.3 Influence of digital blocks on analog blocks 193Chapter 3 From 2D to 3D: Opportunities and Challenges 2073.1 Introduction 2073.2 3D integration 2083.2.1 3D impedance extraction 2153.2.2 Model validation 2243.2.3 Interconnections: compact models 2333.2.4 Validation: test structures 2353.2.5 Numerical simulations 2413.2.6 Prospects and future directions 2483.3 Conclusion 249References 251Index 253