Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines

Professor Ryoichi S. Amano is an internationally recognized scientist in thermal engineering, experimental fluid dynamics, turbulence research, and energy systems. For a number of years he has been engaged in research related to gas turbine performance, rotating machinery, power engineering, transport phenomena, heat/mass transfer, two-phase flow, and manufacturing material processes. Dr Amano has also contributed to the development of turbulence theories, jets, combustion, heat transfer, propulsion, aerodynamics, and applications to gas turbine and aerospace-related projects. In addition, he has engaged in gas turbine flow analyses of NASA space shuttle main engines and solid rocket motor research of US Air Force Research Labs, industrial gas turbines, steam turbines, and cooling technology using impinging gas jets. Dr Amano has more than 500 publications, including books, refereed journal papers, invited review chapters, and conference proceedings. He has conducted numerous experimental and analytical research projects with extramural funding from US governmental agencies and many industries. Dr Amano is a technical committee member, editorial board member and international advisory committee member for ASME, AIAA, WIT Conferences, ISETS conferences (Japan) and an executive member of ASME International Gas Turbine Institute, AIAA Terrestrial Energy System, and ASME Energy Systems Committee. In addition, Dr Amano has received three Best Paper awards from ASME, the Sustained Service Award from AIAA, the AIAA Energy Systems Award, the ASME George Westinghouse Gold Medal, and a UWM Excellence of Research Award. He is a Fellow of ASME and Associate Fellow of AIAA. Professor Bengt Sunden received his MSc in 1973, PhD in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics in 1979, and Docent in applied thermodynamics and fluid mechanics in 1980, all from Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden. He became Professor of Heat Transfer in 1992 at Lund University. Since 1995 he serves as the head of the Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, Sweden, and is also a guest professor at Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China, and an honorary professor at Xi'an Jiatong University, Xi'an China. His research topics include compact heat exchangers, enhancement of heat transfer, gas turbine heat transfer, combustion-related heat transfer including thermal radiation, CFD-methods for laminar and turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer, liquid crystal thermography, condensation and evaporation, nanofluids, transport phenomena in fuel cells, computational modeling and analysis of multiphysics and multiscale phenomena for fuel cells (SOFC, PEMFC). Professor Sunden was the founding and first editor-in-chief of IJHEX (International Journal of Heat Exchangers), and was Associate Editor ASME Journal of Heat Transfer. In addition, he is currently an active editor for three journals. He is also editor-in-chief for a book series, Developments in Heat Transfer (also published by WIT Press), has published over 600 papers in journals, books and conference proceedings, and has supervised 170 MSc theses, 44 Licentiate of Engineering theses and 40 PhD theses. According to ISI knowledge Web of Science, the overall number of citations is 35 per year and the total number of citations is more than 2300. The h-index is 25. He is a fellow of the ASME and a 2011 recipient of the ASME Heat Transfer Memorial Award, and a 2013 recipient of the ASME Heat Transfer Division 75th Anniversary Medal. He is a fellow of the Wessex Institute of Technology and a holder of the WIT Eminent Scientist Medal.

• CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Wind Power Introduction; Why do we need wind energy; Current status on wind energy technology; VAWT and HAWT; VAWT drawbacks; VAWT advantage; Conclusions; References CHAPTER 2 Basic Theory for Wind Turbine Blade Aerodynamics Introduction; General methods; Momentum theory; Betz limit; States of operation of wind turbine; Available methods for aerodynamic modelling of wind turbines; Blade element momentum theory; BEM theory application; Navier - Stokes solutions; Hybrid methods; Conclusions; References CHAPTER 3 Dynamics-Based Health Monitoring and Control of Wind Turbine Rotors Introduction; Literature review: performance losses due to yaw and pitch control errors; Literature review: wind turbine damage mechanisms and failures; Literature review: damage detection methods in rotor blades; Summary of literature review; Experimental HAWT Test Apparatus; Test equipment; Pitch and yaw control features; Test-bed enclosure; Data acquisition hardware and methodology; Modal Analysis of the Wind Turbine Rotor Blades; Introduction; Experimental approach for modal testing; Experimental results from modal impact testing; Data Analysis Approaches; Cyclic averaging; Operational modal analysis (OMA); Feature extraction; Statistical modeling; Experimental Results and Discussion; Yaw error detection; Pitch error detection; Ice accretion detection; Damage detection; Conclusions; References CHAPTER 4 Experimental Testing of Wind Turbines Using Wind Tunnels with an Emphasis on Small-Scale Wind Turbines under Low Reynolds Numbers Introduction; Challenges of experimental testing; Design using blade element and blade element momentum theory; Parameters of interest in wind turbine aerodynamic testing; Scaling wind turbines for wind tunnel testing; Wind tunnel testing; Testing airfoils; Testing wind turbine systems; Corrections for wind tunnel testing; 2-D Airfoil flow considerations; 2-D Airfoil wind tunnel corrections; Blockage corrections for wind turbine rotors; 3-D flow effects; Nomenclature; References CHAPTER 5 Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach for Wind Turbine Blade Aerodynamics Design Introduction; Numerical Simulation Approach to Wind Turbine Blade; Performance Evaluation; Numerical Methods; Numerical and Mathematical Models; Aerodynamic Noise Model; Moving Reference Frame Model; Results Analysis; Conclusions; References CHAPTER 6 On Ice Accretion for Wind Turbines and Influence of some Parameters Introduction; Wind energy; Cold Climates; Low-temperature climate; Icing climate; Effects of icing on wind energy; Ice Accretion; Physical model; Computational models; ADIS; Passive ADIS; Active ADIS; Computational Analysis of Ice Accretion; Icing conditions; Case studies; Results; Conclusions; Acknowledgement; Nomenclature; References CHAPTER 7 Structural Consideration for Wind Turbine Blades Introduction; Wind Turbine Blade Failures; Self-Healing Technology;Concept of self-healing; Microcapsule self-healing; Hollow-fibre self-healing; Scientific Background: Application Self-Healing for Wind Turbine Blades; Applications to Wind Turbine Blades; Blade Formation Process; Flow measurements; Blade formation; Self-healing study in rotating blades; Thermoplastic turbine blades; Conclusions; References