ALTER L. LITVIN studied at Kazan State University where he is now Professor of History and Historiography. He has written many books dealing with the Russian civil war, problems of historiography and most recently political terror in Soviet Russia. - JOHN KEEP attended the University of London where he later taught Russian history (1954-70); he then became Professor of Russian History at the University of Toronto. He now lives in Switzerland. He is the author of eight monographs or edited volumes and many articles on various aspects of Russian history and politics.
