Wiley Guide to Strategies, Ideas, and Applications for Implementing a Total Worker Health Program

Linda Tapp is President of SafetyFUNdamentals, an occupational safety consulting firm. She has over 35 years of experience in environmental health and safety. She has published over 50 articles in professional and trade magazines and several books related to safety training. She has been awarded six different Safety Professional of the Year awards from the American Society of Safety Professionals and was the Board of Certified Safety Professionals Lifetime Achievement Award recipient for 2022.

• Preface xixAuthor Biographies xxiii1 Total Worker Health®: Introduction and Overview 1Deborah R. Roy1.1 Introduction and Definitions 11.2 Five Elements of TWH 61.3 Hierarchy of Controls 91.4 Getting Started 111.5 Organizational Core Values 131.6 Identification of Metrics 141.7 Strategy 161.8 Tools for a Comprehensive Approach 191.9 Why Use the TWH Approach 201.10 Expanding OSH Practice 22References 232 Risk Assessment for Total Worker Health® 27Pam Walaski2.1 Introduction 272.2 Fundamentals of Risk Assessment 292.2.1 Risk Identification 302.2.2 Risk Analysis 332.2.3 Risk Evaluation 342.3 General Risk Assessment Tools 362.3.1 Risk Identification Tools 362.3.2 Risk Analysis Tools 372.3.3 Risk Evaluation Tools 392.4 Tools Specific to TWH 392.5 Identifying the Top Risks to Worker Well-being in an Organization 412.6 Essential Elements of Applying TWH 422.7 Managing TWH Risk Through Hierarchy of Risk Treatment 462.8 TWH in Practice Focusing on Risk Management 492.8.1 TWH for Opioid and Abuse of Other Substances 492.8.2 Tobacco Use 502.8.3 Worker Burnout 512.8.4 Health Literacy 522.9 Conclusion 54References 553 Connecting the Dots: ESG/Sustainability, Human Capital, and Total Worker Health® 59Kathy Seabrook3.1 Introduction 593.2 The Case for People, Human Capital, and Total Worker Health® 593.3 The Purpose of People 613.4 What is ESG and Sustainability-Related Risk? 623.5 The People, Employees, Workers, and Human Capital Connection 633.6 Integrating into the Business 653.7 More about the #TrueNorthTest 663.8 People and TWH Value Creation 683.9 Jacobs: One Million Lives 703.10 Where to Start the ESG, Sustainability, Human Capital, and TWH Journey? 713.11 Keys to Success: Integrating TWH, HC, ESG, and Sustainability 713.12 Mapping It Out 723.13 Risk Management and Covering Your Bases 743.14 Integrated Risk Management 753.15 Integrated Reporting, Materiality Assessment, and Decision-Making 763.16 Summary and Conclusion 79References 814 Bringing Total Worker Health® into the Boardroom 85Fay Feeney4.1 Introduction 854.2 Human Capital Management 854.3 Board Structure and TWH 914.4 Vuca 924.5 Five Business Risks and TWH 934.6 The Business and Regulatory Environment Applied to TWH 944.6.1 ISO 45001:2018 – Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems – Requirements with Guidance for Use 984.7 What Safety and Health Professionals Need to Know About Corporate Governance 994.8 Advocating for TWH by Engaging the C-Suite 1004.8.1 Concerns the CEO Must Evaluate 1004.8.2 Questions Directors May Ask 1014.8.3 ROI as Support 1024.8.4 Topics Safety Professionals Can Bring into the Boardroom 1034.9 Understanding What Business Leaders Care About 1054.10 Becoming an Indispensable Partner Across the Organization 1054.10.1 Materiality 1064.11 Advancing TWH with CEOs and Boards of Directors 1064.12 TWH and the Future 1074.13 Bringing TWH into the Boardroom 108References 1095 Total Worker Health® and Insurance 111Christine Sullivan5.1 Introduction 1115.2 Types of Insurance 1135.2.1 Workers’ Compensation Insurance 1135.2.2 Transitional Duty 1155.2.3 Implementing a Return-to-Work Program 1165.2.4 Americans with Disabilities Act 1175.3 Health Insurance 1185.3.1 Employee Assistance Programs as Part of a Total Worker Health® Program 1185.4 Evaluating Your Insurance Program 120References 1216 TWH in Safety and Human Factors Accident Investigations and Development of Safety Interventions and Strategies 123Rosemarie Figueroa-Jacinto6.1 Introduction to Total Worker Health®, Safety, and Human Factors/Ergonomics 1236.2 Sample Domains Within HF/E: 1246.3 TWH Applied to Accident/Incident Investigations 1256.4 Life Cycle of an Accident Investigation – Outside of Litigation 128References 1327 Technology Interventions and Support for Total Worker Health® 135Linda Tapp7.1 Introduction 1357.2 Technology as Part of a TWH Program 1377.3 Health and Safety Applications (Apps) to Support TWH 1407.3.1 Physical Health Management Platforms 1417.3.2 Mental Health Management Platforms 1427.3.3 Health-Related Communication and Employee Education Management Platforms 1427.4 Wearable Technology for TWH 1437.4.1 Wearable Stress Trackers 1487.4.2 Smart Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 1487.4.3 Exoskeletons 1497.4.4 Roadblocks and Hurdles 1517.5 The Role of Gamification 1527.5.1 Using Personas, Game Mechanics, and Motivators in a TWH Program 1547.5.1.1 Personas 1547.5.1.2 Game Mechanics 1547.5.1.3 Motivators 1547.5.1.4 Storytelling 1567.6 Conclusion 156References 156Endnote 1628 Ergonomics, the Aging Workforce, and Total Worker Health® 163Rachel Michael8.1 Introduction to an Aging Population 1638.2 Introduction to Workplace Ergonomics 1668.2.1 Summary 1678.3 Ergonomics Programs 1678.3.1 Regulatory Environment and Program History 1688.3.2 Why Ergonomics Efforts in Health and Safety Programs Fail 1728.4 Ergonomics as a Leading Indicator for TWH 1748.5 Ergonomics, Ageing, TWH, and Business Metric Alignment 1758.6 Ergonomic Design for an Aging Workforce 1788.6.1 Physical and Cognitive Design Considerations 1788.7 TWH Implementation Guideline as a Framework for Improved Ergonomics 1868.8 Designing for the Future 188References 1919 Mental Health and Total Worker Health® 193Subena Colligan9.1 Introduction 1939.2 Understanding Mental Health 1959.3 Reasons for Mental Health Conditions 1979.4 The Advantages of Addressing Mental Health in the Workplace 1989.5 Mental Health and Safety in the Workplace 2009.5.1 Physical Harm 2019.5.2 Injuries and Accidents 2019.5.3 Chronic Health Conditions 2029.5.4 Psychological Harm 2029.5.5 Excessive Workload and Burnout 2029.5.6 Lack of Psychological Safety 2029.5.7 Job Insecurity 2029.5.8 Discrimination and Prejudice 2039.6 Burnout and the Toll of Toxic Workplaces 2039.6.1 Toxicity in the Workplace 2059.7 Rest 2069.8 Approaches to Promote Mental Well-being in the Workplace 2079.8.1 Establishing a Mental Health Policy 2079.8.2 Offer Mental Health Training 2079.8.3 Consider Collaborating with Mental Health Providers 2089.8.4 Alternative Work Arrangements 2089.8.5 Employee Assistance Programs 2089.8.6 The Importance of Breaks 2099.8.7 Promote Supportive Work Environments 2099.8.8 Encourage Communication 2099.8.9 Provide Mental Health Resources 2099.8.10 Enable Adequate Rest 2099.9 Cultivating Mental Health in the Workplace 2109.9.1 Encouraging Support from Top Management 2109.9.2 Encourage Employee Involvement 2109.9.3 Acknowledge Mental Health Awareness Days 2119.9.4 Incorporate into the Mission 2119.9.5 Encourage Work–Life Balance 2119.10 Future Directions in Mental Health and Total Worker Health 2119.11 Assessing Mental Health Programs 2129.11.1 Clearly Define Objectives 2139.11.2 Seek Employee Feedback 2139.11.3 Analyze Data and Metrics 2139.11.4 Collaborate with Mental Health Experts 2139.12 Conclusion: The Significance of Addressing Mental Health in the Workplace 213References 21410 Total Worker Health® for a Remote Workforce 217Tanya M. Conole10.1 Introduction 21710.2 What Is Remote Working and Who Is a Remote Worker? 21810.2.1 What Is Remote Working? 21910.2.2 Who Is a Remote Worker? 21910.3 Balancing the Equation 22010.4 The Impact of Physical Isolation on the Remote Workforce 22210.4.1 Organizational Isolation and Loss of Workplace Social Connectivity 22210.4.1.1 Organizational Isolation 22310.4.1.2 Loss of Workplace Social Connectivity 22410.5 Impact on Workforce Performance and TWH 22610.5.1 Gathering Information and Obtaining Assistance 22610.5.2 Loss of Soft Information (Social Cues) Regarding Workload and Progress 22710.5.3 Collaboration 22810.5.4 Decision Making, Work Allocation, and Performance Evaluations 22810.6 The Dual Edges of Remote Work 23010.7 Alternatives to in-Person Conversations and Their Impact on Remote Workers TWH 23010.7.1 Quality of Communication 23110.7.1.1 Why Is the Quality of Communication So Important for Remote Workers? 23110.7.1.2 In-Person Communication 23210.7.1.3 The Impact of Virtual Meetings on the Quality of Communication 23310.7.1.4 Eye Contact 23410.7.1.5 The Impact of Email and Text on the Quality of Communication 23510.7.2 The Willingness to Speak up or Contribute 23610.7.2.1 Isolation 23610.7.2.2 Speaking up and Not Being Heard 23710.7.3 Meeting Fatigue 23910.7.3.1 An Increase in Meetings in the Same Amount of Hours … Or More 23910.7.3.2 Time Zone Challenges 24010.7.3.3 Back-to-Back Meetings 24110.7.3.4 The Impact of Screen-Based Communication Tools 24210.8 Other Considerations 24310.8.1 Burnout 24310.8.1.1 What Is “Burnout”? 24310.8.1.2 Prevalence of Burnout 24310.8.1.3 Symptoms of Burnout 24410.8.1.4 Burnout and the Remote Worker 24410.8.1.5 Responsibility for Management and Control 24510.8.2 Technology Issues 24610.8.3 Longer Screen Time and a More Sedentary Lifestyle 24710.8.3.1 Longer Screen Time 24710.8.3.2 A More Sedentary Lifestyle 24810.8.4 Impact of Isolation on TWH Programs 25010.8.5 Impact of Isolation on TWH Program Training 25110.9 Personal Adjustment to the “Remote Work” Style 25210.9.1 Sharing the Workplace with Family 25210.9.2 Location 25310.9.3 Ergonomics 25310.9.4 Inability to Disconnect 25310.9.5 Compatibility 25410.10 Solutions 25510.10.1 Take Stock, Change, and Communicate 25510.10.2 Is a Hybrid Working Model Right for the Organization? 25610.10.2.1 Different Hybrid Working Models 25610.10.2.2 Factors to Consider 25710.10.3 Normalize Meeting Declines and Remote Workers Being Unavailable 25810.10.4 Other Tangible Solutions 25910.11 Conclusion 262References 26311 Safety Committee Involvement in Total Worker Health® (twh) 267Angela C. Ray11.1 Introduction 26711.2 What Does a Dynamic Safety Committee Look Like? 26711.2.1 Clear Purpose 26811.2.1.1 “Baking” with Purpose 26811.2.2 Developing a Clear Purpose 26911.2.2.1 Gather Information 26911.2.2.2 Review, Discuss, and Decide 26911.2.2.3 Refine and Share 26911.2.3 Trust 27011.2.4 Useful Communication 27211.2.5 Follow-Through 27311.2.6 Visibility 27411.3 Types and Structure 27511.3.1 Executive Safety Committee 27511.3.2 Employee Safety Committee 27611.3.3 Structure 27711.3.4 Members 27811.3.5 The Name 27811.3.6 Bylaws 27811.3.7 Budget 28011.3.8 Meetings 28011.3.9 Subcommittees 28011.3.10 Action Item Log 28111.3.11 Annual Training 28111.4 Participation 28111.4.1 The Complaint Spiral 28211.4.1.1 Solutions to Prevent the Complaint Spiral 28411.4.2 The Bad Actors 28411.4.3 Develop Leaders 28511.4.4 Perspective Shift 28511.4.5 Deploy the Five Whys 28611.4.5.1 Five Whys 28611.4.6 Provide Training 28711.5 Practical Tips within the TWH Framework 28711.5.1 Defining Element 1: Demonstrate Leadership Commitment to Worker Safety and Health at All Levels of the Organization 28711.5.1.1 Give EmSC a Budget 28711.5.1.2 Provide a C-Suite Ally and Support the EmSC Mission 28811.5.1.3 Provide a Welcome Package 28811.5.1.4 Invest in Quality Safety and Health Training 28911.5.1.5 Safety Day 28911.5.2 Defining Element 2: Design Work to Eliminate or Reduce Safety and Health Hazards and Promote Worker Well-Being 29011.5.2.1 Hazard Assessments Reviewed by EmSC 29011.5.2.2 Flexible Work Schedules 29011.5.2.3 Job Demands Analysis 29111.5.3 Defining Element 3: Promote and Support Worker Engagement Throughout Program Design and Implementation 29111.5.3.1 Safety Committee Member Involvement in OSH Department Activities 29111.5.3.2 Healthy Workplace Participatory Program (HWPP) 29211.5.3.3 EmSC Annual Training and Team-Building Session 29211.5.4 Defining Element 4: Ensure Confidentiality and Privacy of Workers 29311.5.4.1 Use the EmSC to Collect Safety Concerns 29311.5.4.2 Safety Suggestion Box 29311.5.4.3 EmSC Members Only Time 29311.5.5 Defining Element 5: Integrate Relevant Systems to Advance Worker Well-Being 29411.5.5.1 Employee Safety Surveys 29411.6 Stretch and Flex Program Makeover … Mobility Program 29511.6.1 Stretch and Flex Metric 29511.7 Challenge Workplace Norms 29611.7.1 Challenging Norms Metrics 29711.8 Conclusion 297References 29712 Behavior Change Strategies and Tactics in Total Worker Health® Programs 301Devon Tapp12.1 Introduction 30112.2 Introduction to Behavior Change Strategies 30112.3 Assumptions of Behavior Change 30212.4 Paths of Behavior Change: Motivational Interviewing 30312.5 Motivational Interviewing Components 30412.5.1 The Spirit of Motivational Interviewing 30412.5.2 Oars 30412.5.3 Communication Style 30612.5.4 REDS Principles 30712.5.4.1 Roll with Resistance 30712.5.4.2 Express Empathy 30712.5.4.3 Develop Discrepancy 30812.5.4.4 Support Self-efficacy 30812.6 The Process of Motivational Interviewing 30912.7 Putting It All Together: A Motivational Interviewing Case Study 31112.8 Learning from Related Fields 31312.9 Summary 315References 31613 Total Worker Health® and Construction 319Tricia Kagerer13.1 Introduction 31913.2 The Various Construction Risks That TWH Could Solve 32013.2.1 Reputational Risk 32113.2.2 Workforce Challenges 32113.2.2.1 Aging Workforce 32113.2.2.2 Physical Demands 32213.2.2.3 Drug Addiction 32213.2.2.4 Immigration Laws 32413.2.3 Mental Challenges 32613.2.4 Diversity Equity and Inclusion Challenges 32813.3 Conclusion and Best Practices 32913.3.1 Total Worker Health® – Solving the Legacy of Risk in the Construction Industry 32913.3.1.1 Work Right NW 33113.3.1.2 Turner Construction 33213.3.1.3 Jordan Foster Construction 33313.3.1.4 Nabholz Construction 33513.4 The Future of Construction Depends on TWH 337References 33814 Total Worker Health® in the Transportation Industry 341Alexi Carli14.1 Industry Overview and Impact 34114.2 Jobs and Risks 34214.2.1 Road Transportation 34214.2.1.1 Trucking 34214.2.1.2 Couriers, Messengers, and Postal Workers 34414.2.1.3 Transit and Ground Passenger/Scenic and Sightseeing 34414.2.1.4 Warehousing and Storage 34414.2.2 Air Transportation 34514.2.2.1 Airlines 34514.2.3 Rail Transportation 34614.2.4 Maritime Transportation 34714.2.4.1 Water 34714.2.4.2 Harbor 34814.3 Supporting Worker Safety, Health, and Well-Being in Transportation 34814.3.1 Fatigue Management 34814.3.2 Compounding Health Issues 35214.4 Case Studies 35314.4.1 Schneider National 35414.4.2 J.B. Hunt 35514.4.3 Health and Sustainability 35614.4.4 Mental Health and Work Stress 35614.4.5 Purolator 35814.4.6 Amazon 35914.4.7 Work Preparation and Conditioning 35914.4.8 Ups 36014.5 Driving Occupations 36014.5.1 Acclimatization 36114.5.1.1 Purolator 36414.5.2 Technology and Automation 36414.5.2.1 Amazon 36514.5.2.2 Ups 36614.5.2.3 FedEx 36614.5.2.4 Shipyard and Rail Terminal Automation 36714.6 The Path Forward – Considerations for Transportation Worker Health and Well-Being 367References 36915 Total Worker Health® and Manufacturing 375Monique Parker15.1 Introduction 37515.2 Impacts of Manufacturing 37615.3 Environmental Factors 37815.4 Interventions 38015.4.1 Osha 38015.4.2 Knowledge 38015.4.3 Work Environment 38215.5 Worker Benefits 38415.6 Challenges 38615.7 Strategies 38815.7.1 Top Leaders 38815.7.2 Working Committees 38915.7.2.1 The Education/Training Committee 38915.7.2.2 The Development Committee 39015.7.2.3 The Engagement Committee 39015.7.2.4 The Support Committee 39115.7.2.5 The Technical Committee 39215.8 Summary 392References 39316 Case Studies Related to Total Worker Health® 395Linda Tapp16.1 Introduction 39516.2 Case Studies and Management Support 39516.3 Lessons Learned 39616.4 Case Studies and Lessons Learned in Learning and Development 39716.5 Total Worker Health® Case Studies in This Book 39816.5.1 Case Study Summary: L.L.Bean 39816.5.1.1 About 39816.5.1.2 Challenge 39816.5.1.3 Solution 39916.5.1.4 Outcome 39916.5.2 Case Study Summary: L’Oréal 39916.5.2.1 About 39916.5.2.2 Challenge 40016.5.2.3 Solution 40016.5.2.4 Outcome 40016.5.3 Case Study Summary: Mental Health Initiative at Jacobs 40016.5.3.1 About 40016.5.3.2 Challenge 40116.5.3.3 Solution 40116.5.3.4 Outcome 40116.5.4 Case Study Summary: Turck 40116.5.4.1 About 40116.5.4.2 Challenge 40116.5.4.3 Solution 40216.5.4.4 Outcome 40216.5.5 Case Study Summary: Children’s Hospital Colorado 40216.5.5.1 About 40216.5.5.2 Challenge 40216.5.5.3 Solution 40216.5.5.4 Outcome 40316.5.6 Case Study Summary: Morrison Utility Services 40316.5.6.1 About 40316.5.6.2 Challenge 40316.5.6.3 Solution 40316.5.6.4 Outcome 40416.5.7 Case Study Summary: Turner Construction 40416.5.7.1 About 40416.5.7.2 Challenge 40416.5.7.3 Solution 40416.5.7.4 Outcome 40416.5.8 Case Study Summary: Schneider Transportation 40516.5.8.1 About 40516.5.8.2 Challenge 40516.5.8.3 Solution 40516.5.8.4 Outcome 40516.6 Additional Case Study Summaries Related to Total Worker Health® 40516.6.1 Case Study Summary: Trucks, Inc. 40616.6.1.1 About 40616.6.1.2 Challenge 40616.6.1.3 Solution 40616.6.1.4 Outcome 40616.6.2 Case Study Summary: Waste Management, Inc. 40716.6.2.1 About 40716.6.2.2 Challenge 40716.6.2.3 Solution 40716.6.2.4 Outcome 40716.6.3 Case Study Summary: Remote Worker Challenges 40716.6.3.1 Remote Worker – “TC” 40716.6.3.2 Challenge 40816.6.3.3 Impact 40816.6.3.4 Solutions 40816.6.3.5 Outcome 40816.6.4 Case Study Summary: White Construction Group (WCG) 40916.6.4.1 About 40916.6.4.2 Challenge 40916.6.4.3 Solution 40916.6.4.4 Outcome 40916.6.5 Case Study Summary: 3M Manufacturing Plant 41016.6.5.1 About 41016.6.5.2 Challenge 41016.6.5.3 Solution 41016.6.5.4 Outcome 41016.7 Additional Case Studies 410References 41117 Resources 413Linda Tapp17.1 Websites 41317.2 NIOSH Worker Wellbeing Questionnaire (NIOSH WellBQ) 414https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/twh/php/wellbq 41417.3 Centers of Excellence for Total Worker Health® 41517.4 Resources from Membership Organizations 41617.5 Calculators 41617.6 Recommended Books 419Index 421