Why We Fight

David Churchman is professor emeritus at California State University, where he held appointments as professor of humanities and as a chairman and professor of behavioral science graduate programs where he taught the course on which this book is based. He has been an infantry officer, a Fulbright scholar in Cyprus and Ukraine, a Malone scholar in Saudi Arabia, a National Science Foundation program officer, and an exotic animal trainer. He co-founded and was the treasurer of Wildlife on Wheels, a nonprofit organization and federally licensed zoo that provided live animal education programs and rescued animals from oil spills. He is the author of Negotiation: Process, Tactics, Theory (University Press of America, 1995).

• PrefaceAcknowledgments1. Criteria for Good Theory UsefulEmpiricalLogicalFalsifiableParsimoniousGeneralizable2. Conflict AnalysisThree major roles for Mathematics in Conflict Theory RiskPrisoners’ DilemmaBayes’s TheoremLattice TheoryPareto OptimizationStrategic ChoiceFair Division 3. The Nature of Man AggressionEarly ManBiology of AggressionSociobiologyAggression in Primates4. Aggression and the MindAggression as InstinctFrustration-Aggression Aggression as Learned Behavior Human Needs TheoryPsychiatric Theories 5. Intellectual ConflictManHistorySocietyNatureGodThe Importance of Dissent6. Moral ConflictThe Origins of MoralityIndividual Moral DevelopmentFour Forms of Moral ConflictManaging Moral Conflicts7. Interpersonal ConflictPersonality and ConflictPersonality Types and their MeasurementThe “Generation Gap”Low Conflict SocietiesFamily ConflictDual Variable ModelsPowerLinguistic Models of CommunicationsSystems Models of CommunicationSocial Models of CommunicationCulture and Interpersonal Conflicts 8. Gender ConflictDiscriminationCommunication StyleSexual HarassmentRelational AggressionWomen in Peace and WarThe Matriarchal Past9. Organizational ConflictOrganizational DevelopmentLabor-Management ConflictLeadershipCrisis ManagementCompetitive StrategyLaw of Unintended Consequences10. Community ConflictClass ConflictEthnic ConflictGangsHostage CrisesConflict and StressWisdom of Crowds11. Political ConflictGovernmental Systems Deliberative AssembliesVoting SystemsRedistrictingVote FraudTax SystemsTragedy of the Commons and the Free Rider Problem12. Causes of WarReproductive SuccessEcological EquilibriumTerritorial ImperativeRelative DeprivationNation-StatesCharacteristics of StatesNumber of Bordering StatePolarityHuman RightsArms RacesCorrelates of WarExpected Utility 13. Just War in Eight CulturesThe Roman Catholic TraditionThe Greek Orthodox TraditionThe Jewish TraditionThe Muslim TraditionThe Hindu TraditionThe Buddhist TraditionThe Chinese TraditionThe Japanese TraditionJust War Today14. Interstate ConflictOrigins of WarTypes of War Strategic and Tactical TheoryStrategic Geography15. Asymmetric ConflictEconomic WarfareHumanitarian WarGuerilla or Low Intensity WarfareTerrorismCounter-terrorismPiracyCyber WarfareLawfare 16. The Search for PeaceWhat is Peace?DiplomacyTrack II DiplomacyDepartment of PeaceArms Control vs. Peace through StrengthBalance of PowerWorld Government and PeacekeepingPacifism and NonviolenceReconciliationIs Mankind Becoming Increasingly Peaceful?17. Dispute ResolutionTortsNegotiationDistributive NegotiationIntegrative NegotiationThird-Party InterventionsLarge-scale Third Party InterventionThe Agreement Circumplex18. Putting Conflict Theory to Use19. Improving Conflict TheoryAppendix: Major Fallacies in LogicBibliographyIndexAuthor Biography

This book by D. A. Churchman is perhaps the ultimate multidisciplinary view of conflict at every level from the family to the family of nations. It is a must for anyone interested in knowing more about the sources of conflict, its essence, and the ways to deal with it.