Weather, Climate and Seasons in the Solar System

Richard Soare is a physical geographer specializing in periglacial (cold-climate, non-glacial landscapes). Through the last twenty years he has spent considerable time in the Canadian arctic (physically) and off-planet (intellectually), attempting to identify landscapes on Mars present or past possibly molded by the freeze-thaw cycling of water. His work spans the red planet geographically, ranging from the plains of Utopia Planitia in the northern hemisphere and the Moreux impact-crater at the Mars dichotomy through to the Argyre impact-crater in the southern hemisphere. Recently, he lead-edited “Mars Geological Enigmas: from the late Noachian Epoch to the present day” and a special issue of Icarus: “Current and Recent Landscape Evolution on Mars.” Jean-Pierre Williams is a planetary scientist at the University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA). He received his PhD in Geophysics and Space Physics from UCLA and was a research scientist at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) for five years before accepting a position at UCLA. His work focuses on the geology and physics of the inner planets, and he has authored and co-authored over sixty peer-reviewed publications on Mars, Mercury, and the Earth’s Moon. He is currently the Deputy Principal Investigator of the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, a member of the ShadowCam instrument team on the Korean Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (Danuri) mission, which will image the permanently shadowed regions near the poles of the Moon, and a Co-Investigator of the Lunar Vulkan Imaging and Spectroscopy Explorer (Lunar-VISE), a lander and rover that will explore the summit of a volcanic dome on the Moon. Dr. Amanda Hendrix is a planetary scientist specializing in UV spectroscopy of planetary surfaces, focusing on icy satellites, asteroids, and the moons of Mars and Jupiter, particularly Io. Her research encompasses the analysis of surface composition, weathering processes, and radiation products, contributing to our understanding of celestial bodies such as Callisto, Ceres, and Enceladus. Dr. Hendrix has played pivotal roles in various space missions, including Cassini, Galileo, and Mariner 10, serving as Deputy Mission PI and Instrument Co-Investigator. Her expertise in photometry, remote sensing, and space-based observing has been instrumental in generating mission requirements and guiding science operations. With a strong background in spectroscopy, Dr. Hendrix’s work enhances our knowledge of planetary rings, small satellites, and the Moon, positioning her as a key figure in contemporary planetary exploration and research. Dr. James B. Garvin is the chief scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, where he provides strategic guidance on scientific priorities. With over 40 years of experience in Earth and planetary science, he is also the principal investigator of NASA's DAVINCI mission to Venus. Previously, Dr. Garvin served as NASA's chief scientist, advising multiple administrators on key science strategies, including Mars exploration. He played a crucial role in selecting missions such as the Mars Exploration Rovers and the Curiosity Rover, earning two NASA Outstanding Leadership Medals and three Presidential Rank Awards. His expertise spans geology, geophysics, and impact cratering processes. He has led numerous remote-sensing campaigns and participated in several high-profile missions, publishing over 100 peer-reviewed articles. Dr. Garvin holds a Ph.D. in Geological Sciences from Brown University and enjoys exploring nature with his family in Columbia, Maryland.

• Section I: Venus1. Venus’ Climate, The Evolution From Pale-Blue Ocean World To The Hadean-Like Present Day2. Venus’ Stormy Present Day Weather And ClimateSection II: Section 23. Earth’s Climate history in a planetary contextSection III: The Moon4. Lunar exospheric volatiles migration and sequestration: implications for diurnal and seasonal variability and human lunar explorationSection IV: Mars5. Stochastic weather/climate drivers on Mars and possible ephemeral warming during the very Late Amazonian Epoch6. Mars’ Seasons At Its High Latitudes7. The Connection Between Martian Weather, Climate, and Dust Storms8. Early Mars climate and weatherSection V: The Outer Solar System9. Seasonal Variations In Jupiter’s And Saturn’s Atmospheres10. Seasonal Variability In Titan’s Weather11. Temporal Variability In The Atmospheres Of Uranus And Neptune12. Climate Evolution Of Pluto And The KBOs