Waste Management and Utilization for a Sustainable Environment

Amit Srivastava, PhD is a professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Graphic Era University with over 20 years of teaching, research, and industry experience. He has published one book and over 80 papers in international journals and conference proceedings. His research interests include geotechnical engineering, foundation analysis and design of super structures, and the stability of natural or manmade slopes, earth dams, and the design of retaining walls. Suman Lata Tripathi, PhD is a professor at Lovely Professional University with over 19 years of experience in academics. She has published over 74 research papers in refereed science journals and conferences, 15 books, 13 Indian patents, and two copyrights. Her area of expertise includes microelectronics device modeling and characterization, low-power VLSI circuit design, advanced FET design for IoT, and embedded system design.

• Preface xiBook Description xiii1 Empowering E-Waste Management: A Framework for Collaboration among Stakeholders in India 1Balaji Ravi, Prabhakaran Duraisamy and Thirumarimurugan Marimuthu1.1 Introduction 21.2 E-Waste Characteristics 41.3 Environmental Impact of E-Waste 51.4 Key Issues and Challenges of E-Waste Management in India 61.5 E-Waste Management Practices in India 61.5.1 Manual Separation of ICs from PWB 61.5.2 ICs Extraction from PWB 71.6 Literature Review 71.7 Public Awareness – A Study 81.7.1 Inference from Questionnaire-Based Survey 81.8 Case Study – E-Waste Handling 111.8.1 Information from Dismantler 111.8.1.1 Process in E-Waste Dismantling 111.8.1.2 Pre-Dismantling Process 111.8.1.3 Post-Dismantling Process 121.8.1.4 Recycling Processes at Recyclers 131.8.2 Information Collected from Dump Yard 141.8.2.1 Material Recovery Unit 141.8.3 Summary of E-Waste Generation at Dismantler and Dump Yard 161.9 Suggested Framework and Intervention 161.9.1 Framework Model for E-Waste Disposal 161.9.2 Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation 171.10 Public Awareness, Education and Initiatives 171.11 Conclusions 18References 182 Utilizing Granite Waste for Sustainable Construction: A Focus on AAC and Concrete Blocks 23Pravin Minde and Jagruti Patil2.1 Introduction 242.1.1 Concept of Sustainability in Construction 252.1.2 Sustainable Materials in the Construction Industry 262.2 Various Types of Waste/Industry By-Products and Their Application in the Construction Industry 272.3 Granite Waste and Its Characteristics 282.4 Various Applications of Granite Waste 292.5 AAC Blocks – Characteristics, Properties and Application 302.5.1 Advantages of AAC Blocks 312.6 Granite Waste in AAC Blocks 322.7 Experimental Analysis of Modified Granite Waste Blocks 342.7.1 Compressive Test and Result 342.7.2 Thermal Conductivity Test and Result 352.7.3 Water Absorption Test and Result 362.7.4 Acid Resistance Test and Result 372.8 Granite Waste in Concrete 382.8.1 Compressive Test and Result 442.8.2 Flexural Strength Test and Result 442.8.3 Split Tensile Strength Test and Result 452.9 Discussion and Future Scope 462.10 Conclusion 47References 483 Valorization of Spent Foundry Sand into Building Products Using 2-Part Epoxy-Bio Hardener 53Deepasree Srinivasan, Arun Murugesan, Abdul Aleem Mohamed Ismail, Karthick Jaisankar and Balaji Ravi3.1 Introduction 543.2 Literature Section 543.2.1 Spent Foundry Sand 543.2.2 Polymeric Binder 553.3 Scope of Present Study 553.4 Materials: Spent Foundry Sand and Polymeric Binder 563.4.1 Origin of Spent Foundry Sand 563.4.2 Properties of Spent Foundry Sand 563.4.3 Environmental Concerns 573.4.4 Structure of Epoxy-Resin System 573.4.5 Properties of Polymeric Binder 583.5 Preparation of Polymer Composites 583.6 Techniques Followed 593.7 Building Products Using Spent Foundry Sand: A Study 593.8 Conclusion 64Acknowledgment 64References 654 Utilization of Various Industrial By-Products in Construction Industry as Binder, Mortar and Concrete 69Swaswati Roy and Kanmani S.4.1 Introduction 704.2 Concrete as Construction Material 704.3 Cement as Binder 724.4 Current Scenario in Construction Industry 734.5 SCMs as Partial Replacement 744.6 Industrial By-Products as SCMs 754.7 Societal Impact Due to the Existing System 764.8 History of Existing Materials 774.9 Importance of Cementitious Material in Social Benefits 774.10 Industrial By-Products in Construction Industries and Their Applications 784.11 Economic Benefits Due to the Usage of Industrial By-Products in Construction 864.12 Discussion and Future Scope 864.13 Conclusion 87References 885 Overcoming Challenges: E-Waste as a Filler Material in Concrete 95Ganesh S. and Pushpendra Kumar Sharma5.1 Introduction 965.2 Sources and Classification of E-Waste 975.3 Global Impact of E-Waste 985.4 E-Waste Management 995.5 Application of E-Waste in Construction 1025.6 Conclusion 103References 1046 Transforming Waste Management: Sustainable Strategies for Environmental Protection and Resource Recovery 109Mamilla Vijaya Kumar and Hemadri Prasad Raju6.1 Introduction 1106.2 Solid Waste Management in India 1106.2.1 MSW Framework 1116.2.2 Sold Waste Generation 1116.2.3 Composition of MSW 1136.2.4 MSW Collection, Separation, and Transportation 1146.2.5 Transfer Stations 1176.2.6 Resource Recovery and Recycling 1176.2.6.1 Mechanical Recycling 1186.2.6.2 Thermal Treatment 1186.2.6.3 Bioconversion Strategies 1196.3 Waste Utilization for Sustainable Environment 1206.3.1 MSW in Use in Construction 1206.3.1.1 Geopolymer Cement 1216.3.1.2 Plastics 1216.3.1.3 Glass 1216.3.1.4 Paper and Cardboard 1226.4 Challenges and Issues in Sustainable Waste Management 1226.4.1 Challenges in Solid Waste Management 1226.4.1.1 Infrastructure and Resource Constraints 1226.4.1.2 Institutional and Governance Issues 1226.4.2 Environmental and Social Impacts 1236.4.3 Disposal Sites and Emission of Landfill Gases 1236.5 Problems Associated with Solid Waste Management 1236.5.1 Waste Generation 1236.5.2 Waste Collection 1246.5.3 Waste Transport 1246.5.4 Waste Treatment and Disposal 1246.6 Conclusion 124References 1257 Handling E-Waste Complexities in Developing Countries: Awareness Level and Legislative Behavior 133Amandeep Kaur7.1 Introduction 1347.2 Literature Review 1347.3 Objective of the Study 1367.4 Awareness Level of People Regarding E-Waste and Its Safe Disposal 1367.5 Challenges in E-Waste Management 1377.6 Need for Stringent E-Waste Legislative Norms 1387.7 Conclusion 139References 1408 Organic Field-Effect Transistor for Flexible and Eco-Friendly Degradable Electronics 143Buddari Venkatesh and Suman Lata Tripathi8.1 Introduction 1448.2 Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors and OFETs 1468.3 Architecture of OFETs 1478.4 Types of OFET Architectures 1498.5 Influence on Device Performance 1498.6 Materials Used in OFET 1508.6.1 Organic Semiconductors 1508.6.2 Dielectric Materials 1508.6.3 Electrodes 1518.6.4 Gate Electrode 1518.7 Organic Semiconductor Materials 1528.8 Fabrication Process 1558.8.1 Vacuum Evaporation 1558.8.2 Liquid Deposition 1558.8.3 Thin Film Alignment 1568.9 Comparison with Conventional MOSFETs 1588.10 Applications 1588.11 Impact on Environment and Sustainability 1598.12 Challenges and Future Scope 1608.13 Conclusion 160Acknowledgement 161References 1619 Artificial Intelligence for Environmental Monitoring, Conservation and Waste Management 163Sandhya Avasthi and Suman Lata Tripathi9.1 Introduction 1649.1.1 Artificial Intelligence Solutions for Environment Monitoring and Conservation 1649.1.2 Artificial Intelligence for Smart Waste Management 1659.2 The Role of AI in Addressing Environmental Issues 1669.2.1 Artificial Intelligence for Dealing with Climate Change 1669.2.2 Using AI in Energy Conservation 1679.2.3 AI in Environmental Monitoring 1699.2.4 AI in Intelligent Transportation and Reducing Pollution 1709.2.5 Potential of AI in Meeting SDGs 1719.3 Smart Waste Management Solutions and Practices 1729.3.1 A Generic Smart Waste Management Cycle 1739.3.2 AI-Driven Waste Composition Analysis 1739.3.3 Advanced Sensors and Machine Learning Algorithms 1739.4 Machine Learning Algorithms in Identifying Patterns and Trends in Environmental Data 1749.5 AI-Powered Systems in Early Warnings for Natural Disasters Like Hurricanes, Wildfires, and Tsunamis 1789.6 AI Systems in Tracking and Protecting Endangered Species through Image and Audio Recognition 1799.7 Analyzing Water Quality, Soil Data, and Vegetation Changes by AI Systems 1819.8 Conclusions 184References 18510 A Critical Bibliometric Review of Plastic Waste Utilization in the Construction Industry 189Sourav Kumar Das, Nikhil Garg and Sandeep Shrivastava10.1 Introduction 19010.2 Article Selection Process 19110.3 Method of Plastic Waste Utilisation 19410.4 Application of Plastic Waste 19510.4.1 Utilisation of Plastic Waste in Concrete 19610.4.2 Drawbacks of the Utilisation of Plastic Waste in Concrete 20010.4.3 Application of Plastic Waste in Other Building Materials 20310.5 Limitations of the Utilisation of Plastic Waste 20610.6 Conclusion 207References 207Index 211