An innovative perspective on the politics of Mexican independence. Focusing on how Mexico City as the seat of the Spanish viceroyalty became Mexico’s national capital, Professor Warren details how elites debating an imagined nation engaged, mobilized, yet feared city folk eager to claim the rights they imagined came with proclamations of popular sovereignty. Vagrants and Citizens confirms that the contests of nation building in Mexico were never reserved to elites. It opens questions about the social composition, cultural visions, and political participation of the urban populace that will enlighten and engage a generation of students and scholars.