Universes in Delicate Balance: Chemokines and the Nervous System

Inbunden, Engelska, 2002

Av R.M. Ransohoff, K. Suzuki, A.E.I. Proudfoot, W.F. Hickey, J.K. Harrison, USA) Ransohoff, R.M. (Cleveland Clinic Foundation, The Lerner Research Institute, Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA) Suzuki, K. (University of North Carolina, Pathology & Lab Medicine, 410 Brinkhous Bullitt Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, Switzerland) Proudfoot, A.E.I. (Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1228 Plan les Ouates, USA) Hickey, W.F. (Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Pathology, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756-0001, USA) Harrison, J.K. (University of Florida, College of Medicine, Box 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, R. M. Ransohoff, R M Ransohoff, A E I Proudfoot, W F Hickey, J K Harrison

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It is commonly acknowledged that the nervous system and the immune system, those most complex of networks, share attributes beyond their intricacy. Elements common to the two systems include memory, connectivity, flexibility and developmental selection of cellular composition by a rigorous process involving widespread programmed cell death. There is one salient difference: the cells of the immune system are predominantly in constant motion, while post-mitotic neurons and glia are largely fixed in place. Therefore, chemokines, initially characterized as leukocyte chemoattractants, have for the last one and one-half decades been intensely and productively studied in the contexts of inflammation, immunity and hematopoietic development.
Only recently have the two fields, neurobiology and immunology, displayed mutual interests in chemokines. This convergence of the two tribes of investigators was catalyzed by the finding that SDF-1 (now known as CXCL12) and its receptor, CXCR4, exerted significant and similar functions in development of both nervous and immune systems. Indeed CXCL12 and CXCR4 were required, in an uncannily similar fashion, for retention of pre-B lymphocytes at sites of maturation in the bone marrow and of neuronal progenitors in the external granule cell layer of the developing cerebellum. Recent reports indicate that chemoattraction of cerebellar granule cells through CXCR4 can be suppressed by reverse signaling initiated by binding of soluble eph receptors to transmembrane ephrin B, thereby establishing a link between chemokine action and a cardinal patterning system of the developing nervous system. As may be anticipated when a dam breaks, a massive influx of correlative observations in the nervous and immune systems is likely to ensue.

This volume represents the state of current knowledge. To this end, introductory material for both systems is provided. Basic and advanced 'chemokinology' are presented. The recipe for making a nervous system (both ingredients and instructions for preparation) is described, as are the roles of chemokines and their receptors in making an immune system. Given their importance and complexity, CXCL12/CXCR4 interactions are separately treated in varying contexts.

The field of 'neurobiology of chemokines' has not lain fallow during the last ten years. During much of this time the principal focus has been on neuroinflammation. Linking the immune and nervous systems are explanations of the functions of chemokines and their receptors for resident brain macrophages, the microglia, the unique cerebrovascular endothelium and angiogenesis.

Understanding human disease is the goal of much of this research. New discoveries are being made and reported at a gratifying rate. It is expected that this volume will promote the steady production and application of useful new knowledge in this developing field. It provides a unique single-source database for basic neurobiology highlighting the fundamental aspects of chemokines and discussing the relations of chemokine science to animal models and human disease.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2002-04-29
Mått210 x 279 x 0 mm
Vikt1 120 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor404
FörlagElsevier Science
ISBN9780444510020

Tillhör följande kategorier

Biokemi inom Naturvetenskap och teknik
Onkologi inom Medicin
Biovetenskap inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Preface. 1. The nervous system (K. Suzuki).1.1 Cellular elements, tissue organization, organogenesis (J. Dupree). 1.2 Cellular reactions to insult (K. Suzuki). 1.3 Patterns of tissue pathology in neurological diseases (K. Suzuki). 2. The chemokine system(A.E.I. Proudfoot). 2.1 The biology of chemokines (B. Rollins). 2.2 Chemokines (A.E.I. Proudfoot, J.P. Shaw, C.A. Power, T.N.C. Wells). 2.3 Chemokine receptors (D. Slattery, N. Gerard, C. Gerard). 2.4 Chemokine receptor signal transduction (K. Bacon). 2.5 Development and function of the hemato-lymphopoiteic system (G.N. Schwartz, J.M. Farber). 2.6 CXC chemokines in angiogenesis (R.M. Strieter, J.A. Belperiio, D.A. Arenberg, M.I. Smith, M.D. Burdiek, M.P. Keane). 3. Chemokines and neural inflammation in model systems (W.F. Hickey). 3.1 Expression, functions and interactions of chemokines in CNS trauma (V.W. Yong). 3.2 Animal models of multiple sclerosis (W.J. Karpus). 3.3 Chemokines and neonatal excitotoxic brain injury (J.M. Galasso, F. Silverstein). 3.4 Stroke: chemokine-induced infiltration of immune cells (H.W.G.M. Boddeke). 3.5 Chemokine responses in virus-induced neurologic disease: balancing host defence and neuropathology (T.E. Lane, M.J. Buchmeier). 3.6 Cell recruitment in the axotomized facial nucleus: role of cytokines, chemokines and cell adhesion molecules (G. Raivich). 3.7 Chemokines and neural inflammation in experimental brain abscesses (T. Kielian, W.F. Hickey). 3.8 Insights from transgenic and knockout mice (I.L. Campbell, V.C. Asensio). 4. Chemokines effects on other CNS processes and resident cells (J.K. Harrison). 4.1 Constitutive roles for SDF-1/CXCR4 and fractalkine/CX3CR1 in the CNS (J.K. Harrison). 4.2 The role of the chemokine GRO-1 in the development of vertebrate CNS glial cells (R.H. Miller, S. Robinson). 4.3 Chemokine interactions with astrocytes (M.E. Dorf, F.R. Fischer, M.A. Berman, Y. Luo). 4.4 Why do neurons express chemokine receptors? (R.J. Miller, S.B. Oh). 4.5 Microglial chemokines and chemokine receptors (K. Biber). 4.6 Chemokines and chemokine receptors along the brain microvasculature (A.V. Andjelkovic, J.S. Pachter). 5. Chemokines and neurological diseases (R. Ransohoff). 5.1 Chemokines and chemokine receptors in multiple sclerosis: a few answers and many more questions (R. Ransohoff, C. Trebst). 5.2 Chemokines in the central nervous system and Alzheimer's Disease (M. Xia, B.T. Hyman). 5.3 HIV-1 associated dementia (D. Gabuzda, J. Wang, P.R. Gorry). 5.4 Infections: meningitis and encephalitis (K.S. Spanaus, A. Fontana). 5.5 Chemokines in the inflamed peripheral nervous system (B.C. Kieseier, H.-P. Hartung).