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Tracing the U.S. government's efforts to shape the armed forces of Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean from 2000 to 2014, this narrative concentrates on the Army but also discusses Air Force and naval forces, including the Marines and the Coast Guard. Police forces in those regions are also covered.Mexico's ongoing struggle with drug cartels is discussed extensively. Venezuela and Cuba receive considerable attention. This study is the first to examine in detail the armed forces of countries such as the Dominican Republic and Jamaica. Sections on Haiti and Panama, countries supposedly without armies, reveal the decisive role the U.S. has played in determining their military policies.The text weaves the histories of these armed forces into the broader context of the politics, economics and international relations in the region. A clear and brief introduction to the relations of Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean with the United States is provided.
René De La Pedraja, PhD, University of Chicago, has researched and written numerous publications. He is a professor of history at Canisius College in Buffalo, New York.
Table of ContentsList of MapsList of TablesPreface1. Venezuela: The April 2002 CoupThe Break with the U.S. GovernmentThe Attempt to Topple Hugo ChávezThe Coup Within the CoupThe Counter Coup2. The Expansion of the Armed Forces of VenezuelaThe Venezuelan Military Until December 2006The Military and the Presidential Election of 3 December 20063. Unconditional Allies of the United StatesGuatemala: Settling Old Scores with the ArmyRebuilding the Army of El SalvadorImproving the Armed Forces of Colombia4. Reluctant MexicoThe Role of the Armed Forces in MexicoThe Presidency of Ernesto Zedillo, 1994–2000The Presidency of Vicente Fox, 2000–2006, and El Chapo Guzmán5. The Militarization of Colombia and VenezuelaColombia: Sustaining the MomentumThe Venezuelan Military After the Reelection of Hugo Chávez in December 20066. Shaping the Arsenals of the Armed ForcesNicaragua: Surface to Air MissilesVenezuela: Arms BuildupMexico: Fighter Jets7. New ComplicationsColombia: False PositivesScandals in the Colombian ArmyJamaica: Trouble in Paradise8. Central America Turns to the LeftNicaragua: The Return of the SandinistasGuatemala: The First Leftist President of the Twenty-First CenturyEl Salvador: The FMLN in Office9. Honduras: The Coup of June 2009The Presidency of José Manuel ZelayaThe Path to the CoupThe Coup of 28 June 200910. Mexico: The Armed Forces Embrace the United StatesThe Start of the Vicente Calderón PresidencyThe Military Offensive Against the Drug Cartels, 2008–2010The Battle for MonterreyThe Hunt for El Chapo Guzmán11. Mexico: The Presidency of Enrique Peña NietoPursuing the Drug LordsThe Challenge of Michoacán12. Countries Without ArmiesCosta Rica: Creeping MilitarizationPanama: The Struggle to DemilitarizeHaiti: Flawed Demobilization13. An Inconvenient Ally: The Armed Forces of the Dominican RepublicThe Military of the Dominican Republic14. Defiant CubaPreserving the Revolutionary LegacyThe U.S. Vision for Cuba and the Caribbean15. Trying to Dismantle the Bush LegacyThree ExplanationsChapter NotesAnnotated Selected BibliographyIndex