Ultrastructural Pathology

Norman F. Cheville, DVM, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of Veterinary Pathology at Iowa State University. Previously, he was Chair of the Department of Veterinary Pathology and Dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Iowa State University, and was Chief of Pathology at the National Animal Disease Center in Ames, Iowa.

• Preface xiContributors xiiiPrologue xvPart I: Structural Basis of Cell Injury 31 Response to Cellular Injury  5Acute Cell Swelling 5Adaptive Responses to Persistent Injury 212 Cell Death 33Necrosis 35Programmed Cell Death 40Interplay of Necrosis and PCD 49Getting Rid of the Dead Cell 52Endothelial Cell Death 543 Cellular Defense and Recovery 61Plasma Membrane in Recovery 61Detoxification: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum and Peroxisomes 62Mitochondria in Recovery 63Nucleoli, DNA, and the Genome in Recovery 64Proteostasis 67Autophagy: Removal of Debris 69Part II: Organelle Pathology 754 The Cell Surface 77The Plasma Membrane 77Cytoskeleton 86Intercellular Junctions 97Surface Structures 1015 Intracellular Trafficking 109Endocytosis 109Phagocytosis 115Lysosomes and Cytoplasmic Trafficking 116Exocytosis 1186 Nucleus, Ribosomes, the Golgi Complex, and Secretion 125Nucleus 125Ribosomes 136Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 138Golgi Complex 139Secretion 1427 Peroxisomes, Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Lipids 153Peroxisomes 153Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 156Glycogen 161Lipids 164Lipoproteins 169Lipid Metabolism Disorders 1738 Mitochondria 181The Normal Mitochondrion 181Mitochondrial Swelling: Response to Acute Injury 184Mitochondriopathy of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases 188Mitochondrial DNA-Based Disorders 193Part III: Inflammation and Hemostasis 1999 Endothelium 201Endothelial Interface with Blood and Perivascular Space 201Endothelial Thromboresistance vs. Procoagulation 206Endothelial Response to Hypoxia and Circulatory Dysfunction 208Inflammation 209Mast Cell and Basophil Interface with Endothelium 217Angiogenesis 22310 Leukocytes and Platelets 231The Neutrophil 231Eosinophils 243Platelets 246Thrombosis 25711 The Mononuclear Phagocyte System and Lymphocytes 269The Monocyte-Macrophage System 269Dendritic Cells 274Lymphocytes 28312 The Extracellular Matrix 295Collagen Fibers 297Microfibrils 303Extracellular Ground Substance 304Basement Membranes 307Mucins and Other Barriers 310Part IV: Infectious Diseases 31713 Cytopathology of Viral Diseases 319Family Poxviridae 319Family Herpesviridae 327Family Adenoviridae 338Family Papillomaviridae 343Family Polyomaviridae 347Family Parvoviridae 349Family Iridoviridae 353Family Asfarviridae 353Family Hepadnaviridae 354Family Circoviridae 355Family Orthomyxoviridae 356Family Paramyxoviridae 358Family Rhabdoviridae 366Family Filoviridae 369Family Coronaviridae 370Family Reoviridae 373Family Arenaviridae 379Family Togaviridae 381Family Arteriviridae 384Family Bornaviridae 386Family Flaviviridae 386Family Bunyaviridae 391Family Birnaviridae 392Family Nadoviridae 394Family Picornaviridae 394Family Caliciviridae 399Family Astroviridae 401Family Retroviridae 40114 Cytopathology of Pathogenic Prokaryotes 425Structure of the Bacterial Cell 425Phylum Tenericutes, Order Mycoplasmatales 442Order Entomoplasmatales 447Order Incertae Sedis 447Phylum Proteobacteriae, Order Rickettsiales 448Order Rhizobiales 453Order Burkholderiales 457Order Neisseriales 459Order Campylobacterales 461Order Aeromonadales 466Order Enterobacteriales 466Order Legionellales 476Order Pasteurellales 477Order Pseudomonadales 482Order Thiotricales 484Order Vibrionales 484Phylum Chlamydiae, Order Chlamydiales 485Order Actinomycetales 487Phylum Firmicutes, Order Bacillales 496Order Lactobacillales 500Order Clostridiales 502Order Spriochaetales 505Order Bacteroidales 509Order Fusobacteriales 510Other Bacteria 51015 Pathogenic Protozoa 525Amoebas 526Ciliates 528Flagellates 529Hemosporidians 538The Malarial Organisms 543The Coccidia 549The Microsporans 560Protozoa of Uncertain Taxonomy 56316 Algae, Fungi, and Other Eukaryotes 573Algae 573Fungi 576The Myxozoans 595Intracelllar Metazoan Parasites 597Part V: Toxicologic Diseases 60517 Toxicologic Pathology 607Lysosomotropic Hepatotoxins 609Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Hepatotoxins 613Hepatotoxins and the Golgi Complex 619Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum and Hepatotoxicity 619Mitochondrial Hepatotoxins 623Steatosis and Hepatotoxicity 626Hepatic Toxins That Act on the Nucleus 626Hepatocyte Toxins That Act on the Cytoskeleton 627Particulate Hepatotoxins 62718 Myotoxins 635Cardiotoxicity 635Myocardial Toxins 643Skeletal Muscle 651Smooth Muscle Toxicity 65819 Neurotoxins and Neurodegeneration 667Introduction 667Neuronopathies 668Myelin Toxins: Myelinopathies 678Neuropathies: The Peripheral Nerves 681Neurotoxins That Act at Nerve Termini and Synapses 683Glial Toxins 687Vascular Neurotoxins and the Blood-Brain Barrier 68820 Nephrotoxins 695Glomerular Toxins 695Proximal Convoluted Tubule Toxins 697Distal Tubule Toxins 705Toxins in the Medulla 705The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus 708Crystal Nephropathy 710Confounding Lesions in Nephrotoxicity 71121 Toxicity of Respiratory Systems 717The Normal Mammalian Lung 717Reaction to Pulmonary Toxins 719Substances Damaging to Lung 723Acute Toxic Pulmonary Injury 726Chronic Inhalant Injury 728Chronic Exhalant Toxicity 734Comparative Respiratory Systems 736Part VI: Pathologic Growth 74122 The Cell Cycle: Dysfunction in Aging, Senescence, and Hibernation 743The Cell Cycle 743Regeneration 747Aging and Senescence 750Hibernation 751Cell Senescence 75223 The Neoplastic Cell 757The Genomic Landscape 758Benign or Malignant 761Neoplastic Cell Structure 761Neoplastic Cell Surfaces 763The Nucleus of the Neoplastic Cell 766Cytoplasm 769The Tumor Microenvironment 775Metastasis 780Neoplastic Cell Death 785Part VII: Diagnostic Pathology 79524 Calcification 797Intracellular Calcification 797Extracellular Calcification 798Microliths 80225 Pigments 811Melanin 811Chromatophores 815Hemoglobin-Derived Pigments 815Erythrophagocytosis 817Copper-Containing Pigments 822Exogenous Pigments 82426 Amyloid, Protein Misfolding Defects, and Inclusions 829Amyloid 829Tauopathies 839Synucleinopathies 840Misfolded Proteins and Inspissated Inclusions 84227 Metabolic and Storage Diseases 857Lipid Storage Diseases 857Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses 862Glycoproteinoses 863Mucopolysaccharidoses 864Mucolipidoses 866Glycogen Storage Diseases 866Amino Acid Transport Storage Diseases 869Other Storage Diseases 87028 Arteriopathy 875Responses of the Artery to Injury 875Atherosclerosis 88129 The Renal Glomerulopathies 891Membranous Glomerulonephritis 891Proliferative Glomerulonephritis 898Minimal Change Disease 900Glomerulonephritis Associated with Systemic Disease 900Diabetes 90330 Prions 911Prions Defi ned 911The Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies 912Index 917

"The reorganization of the book, with complete tables of infectious agents and updated references, and the addition of illustrations to display complex cellular processes contribute to the book's value as a reference text. I highly recommend this book as a valuable resource for students, researchers, pathologists, and veterinary health-care professionals." (Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, March 2010) "This atlas has something for everyone: the student preparing for pathology boards, the bench pathologist, the diagnostician, and the toxicologic pathologist, just to name a few. This book, like the first edition, will be the gold standard desk reference for anyone who needs to interpret or confirm cellular changes from surgical or postmortem lesions." (Microscopy & Microanalysis, 2010)