'Why has Brazil's return to civilian rule been marked by unrepresentative politics and poorly performing governments? Hagopian's path-breaking research demonstrates that the persistence of the power and influential style of politics of traditional elites is a key explanation. She sheds light on the modern political economy of traditional elites and the contemporary implications of rampant patronage politics. She explains as well how clientelism riddled the military dictatorship (1964–85) and thus limited its own impact on Brazil. Hagopian's book helps us understand the political dilemmas of both authoritarian and democratic politics in Brazil in novel ways.' Jorge I. Domínguez, Harvard University