Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy - International Student Edition

Dr. Elsie Jones-Smith  is a licensed psychologist, a certified school psychologist, and the President of the Strengths-Based Institute. She holds two Ph.D. degrees, one in clinical psychology from Michigan State University and the other in counselor education from the University at Buffalo.  She is a Fellow in two divisions of the American Psychological Association, Division 17, the Society of Counseling Psychology, and Division 45, the Society for the Psychological Study of Culture, Ethnicity, and Race. She is a Diplomate in counseling psychology (ABPP), a Fellow of the Academy of Counseling Psychology, and a prior Distinguished Visitor for the American Psychological Association.Dr. Jones-Smith has extensive experience in strengths-based therapy, graduate level teaching, program evaluation (Head Start, Title –Chapter 1), tests construction, and psychological consultation with schools. Her clinical orientation is strengths-based. She has currently expanded her clinical work to include cultural neuroscience.She is the author of six books, including the recently published Culturally Diverse Counseling: Theories and Practice (Sage, 2019). Second Edition of Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: An Integrative Approach (2016) with Sage Publications (which presents a chapter on Neuroscience and describes it as the Fifth Force in psychology); Spotlighting the Strengths of Every Single Student: Why U.S. Schools Need a New, Strengths-Based Approach (2011, ABC-CLIO (2011); and Nurturing Nonviolent Children: A Guide for Parents, Educators, and Counselors (Praeger, 2008).Two of her articles (“The Strengths-Based Counseling Model” (which was nominated as the outstanding article in TCP for 2006) and “Ethnic Minorities: Life Stress, Social Support and Mental Health Issues” (1985) have been cited by The Counseling Psychologist as major contributions to the field of psychology. She has served on numerous editorial boards, including The Counseling Psychologist (TCP), The Journal of Counseling Psychology, and Counselor Education and Supervision.Dr. Jones-Smith has developed and published two theories in psychology: Strengths-Based Therapy and Ethnic Identity Development. In addition, she has developed a strengths-based educational approach for working with youth in schools and several instruments that measure ethnic identity development, students’ strengths, and teachers’ strengths.

• CHAPTER 1: Introduction: Journey Toward Theory IntegrationIntegrative Psychotherapy: The Focus of This BookDefinitions of Counseling and PsychotherapyTherapist Beliefs and Values: Relationship to Choosing a TheorySummaryPART I The First Force in Psychotherapy: Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic TheoriesPsychology’s Indebtedness to Sigmund FreudSome Distinctions Between Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic TheoriesIntegration of Freudian Concepts: The Unconscious and TransferenceNew Forms of PsychoanalysisCHAPTER 2 Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic TheoriesBrief OverviewPsychoanalytic TherapyKey Concepts of Sigmund FreudThe Therapeutic ProcessThe Movement Toward Contemporary Psychodynamic TherapyEgo PsychologyObject Relations TheorySelf PsychologyComparison and Contrast of Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic TheoriesOther Theorists and Therapy ApproachesBrief Psychodynamic TherapyKey Concepts of Carl JungResearch and Evaluation of Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic ApproachesSummaryCHAPTER 3 Adlerian PsychotherapyBrief OverviewMajor Contributor: Alfred Adler (1870–1937)Key ConceptsThe Therapeutic ProcessResearch and EvaluationSummaryPART II The Second Force in Psychotherapy: Behavior Therapy and Cognitive TherapyDefinition of Behavior TherapyThe Three Waves of Behavior TherapyCHAPTER 4 Behavior Therapy and Integrated PsychopharmacologyBrief OverviewBehavior TherapyKey Concepts of Behavior TherapyThe Therapeutic ProcessCurrent Trends in Behavior TherapyApplied Behavioral AnalysisBehavioral Activation: A Promising Treatment for DepressionThe Behavior Activation Model and Treatment for DepressionBehavior Activation TechniquesIntegrated PsychopharmacologyResearch and EvaluationSummaryCHAPTER 5 Cognitive Approaches to PsychotherapyBrief OverviewRational Emotive Behavior TherapyKey Concepts of REBTThe Therapeutic Process and REBTSocial Modeling, Observational Learning, and Self-EfficacyCognitive Therapy and DepressionKey Concepts of Beck’s Cognitive TherapyThe Therapeutic ProcessCognitive NeuroscienceThe Third Wave in Behavior Therapy: Mindfulness Integrated Into Cognitive-BehaviorTherapies (DBT, ACT, and MBCT)Differences Between ACT, CBT, DBT, and MBCTSummaryCHAPTER 6 Reality/Choice TherapyBrief OverviewMajor Contributor: William Glasser (1925–2013)Key ConceptsThe Therapeutic ProcessResearch and EvaluationSummaryPART III THE THIRD FORCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: EXISTENTIAL AND HUMANISTIC THEORIESThe Existential and Humanistic TheoriesThe Existential WorldviewThe Humanistic WorldviewMerger of Existentialism and HumanismNew Developments in Humanism: Motivational Interviewing, The Stages of Change TheoryInterpersonal Therapy, and Emotion-Focused TherapyChallenges Facing the Existential-Humanistic SchoolCHAPTER 7 Existential TherapyBrief OverviewMajor Contributor: Rollo May (1904–1994): The First Major American ExistentialistKey Concepts of Existential TherapyThe Therapeutic ProcessMajor Contributor: Viktor Frankl (1905–1997) and LogotherapyResearch and EvaluationSummaryCHAPTER 8 Person-Centered Therapy and Interpersonal TherapyBrief OverviewMajor Contributor: Carl Rogers (1902–1987)Key ConceptsThe Therapeutic ProcessResearch and EvaluationSummaryCHAPTER 9 Gestalt Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy: Two Experiential TherapiesBrief OverviewMajor Contributor: Fritz Perls (1893–1970)Philosophical Roots for Gestalt TherapyInfluence of Existentialism on Gestalt TherapyKey ConceptsThe Therapeutic ProcessResearch and EvaluationSummaryCHAPTER 10 Motivational Interviewing and the Stages of Change TheoryBrief OverviewMotivational InterviewingKey Concepts of Motivational InterviewingThe Therapeutic ProcessResearch and Evaluation of Motivational InterviewingThe Transtheoretical Model of Change or the Stages of Change TheoryKey Concepts of the Transtheoretical Model of ChangeThe Therapeutic ProcessResearch and Evaluation of TTMSummaryCHAPTER 11 The Expressive Arts and CounselingBrief OverviewExpressive Arts: A Human TraditionKey ConceptsThree Expressive Arts Therapeutic ApproachesArt Therapy and NeuroscienceResearch and EvaluationSummaryPART IV THE FOURTH FORCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM AND POSTMODERNISMPostmodernism and the Road to Social ConstructivismDifferences Between Modern and Postmodern/Constructivist PsychotherapiesThe Postmodern PsychotherapiesOutline of Chapters in Part IVCHAPTER 12 Multicultural Counseling: Theories and PracticeBrief OverviewAPA’s New 2017 (10) Multicultural GuidelinesWhat Is Multicultural Counseling?Multicultural Counseling: Two Emerging TheoriesThe Therapeutic ProcessResearch and EvaluationSummaryCHAPTER 13 Transcultural and International Approaches to Counseling and Psychotherapy: Bridges to Asia, Africa, Europe and the Middle EastBrief OverviewCommonalities Among Asian Theories of Personality and PsychotherapyJapanese Approaches to PsychotherapyChinese Contributions to Psychotherapy: MindfulnessCultural Value Challenges for Counseling in IndiaAfrican Approaches to Healing and Psychotherapy: NigeriaArab Approaches to PsychotherapyResearch and Evaluation of Transcultural PsychotherapySummaryCHAPTER 14 Feminist Therapy and LGBTQ TherapyFeminist TherapyKey Concepts of Feminist TherapyThe Therapeutic Process in Feminist TherapyResearch and Evaluation in Feminist TherapyGay and Lesbian TherapyKey Concepts of LGBTQ TherapyThe Therapeutic Process in Gay and Lesbian PsychotherapySummaryCHAPTER 15 INTEGRATING SPRIRITUAL/RELIGIOUS ISSUES DURING PSYCHOTHERAPYBrief OverviewAmerican Counseling Association’s Spiritual and Religious Competencies for Professional CounselorsKey Concepts in Spiritual and Religious Counseling Spirituality and the Therapeutic ProcessResearch and EvaluationSummaryCHAPTER 16 SOLUTION-FOCUSED THERAPYBrief OverviewMajor Contributors: Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de ShazerKey ConceptsThe Therapeutic ProcessResearch and EvaluationSummaryCHAPTER 17 Narrative TherapyBrief OverviewKey ConceptsThe Therapeutic ProcessResearch and EvaluationSummaryCHAPTER 18 Strengths-Based TherapyIntroductionMajor Contributor: Elsie Jones-SmithKey ConceptsStrengths-Based Therapy and MindsetsSummaryCHAPTER 19 Family Therapy ApproachesIntroductionMultigenerational Family TherapyKey Concepts of Multigenerational Family TherapyThe Therapeutic ProcessCase Illustration From a Bowenian Family Therapy ApproachExperiential Family TherapyKey Concepts of Experiential Family TherapyCase Illustration of the Experiential Approach to Family TherapyStructural Family TherapyKey Concepts of Structural Family TherapyThe Therapeutic ProcessCase Illustration of Structural Family TherapyStrategic Family TherapyKey Concepts of Strategic Family TherapyThe Therapeutic ProcessResearch and EvaluationSummaryPART V THE FIFTH FORCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: NEUROSCIENCE AND THEORIES OF PSYCHOTHERAPYIntroductionThe Promise of NeuroscienceCriteria for Neuroscience to Be the Fifth Force in PsychotherapyCHAPTER 20 Neuroscience, Interpersonal Neurobiology, and Trauma-Informed CounselingIntroductionMajor ContributorsToward a Theoretical Framework for NeuropsychotherapyKey ConceptsThe Therapeutic ProcessRecent Brain-Based Therapies: Interpersonal Neurobiology, Neurocounseling, Trauma-Informed Counseling, and Coherence TherapyNeuroscience and the DSM-5Research and EvaluationSummaryCHAPTER 21 Integrative Psychotherapy: Constructing Your Own Integrative Approach to TherapyIntroductionPathways to Psychotherapy IntegrationToward the development of a framework for integrating neuroscience into psychotherapyToward Developing Your Own Approach to Integrative PsychotherapyWorldviews of Theories of PsychotherapyKey Concepts of Theories of PsychotherapyThe Therapeutic ProcessTop Four Ways to Determine Your Theoretical Orientation to PsychotherapySummary