The Triazine Herbicides

Homer M. LeBaron was born May13, 1926 in southern Alberta, Canada, the third in a family of 10 children, growing up on a diversified irrigation farm. He obtained a B.S. degree in 1955 and M.S. in 1957 from Utah State University, and in 1960 received a Ph.D. degree from Cornell University. From 1960 to 1964, Dr. LeBaron was employed as a plant physiologist at the Virginia Tech Experiment Station in Norfolk, Virginia.From 1964 to 1991, Dr. LeBaron was employed by Geigy Chemical Corporation and CIBA-GEIGY (later Novartis, now Syngenta). For the latter nine years he was Senior Research Fellow in Biochemistry and New Technology and Basic Research Departments, where he had the responsibility for coordinating and directing outside basic research on all CIBA-GEIGY agricultural products.Dr. LeBaron has been a member of the International Weed Science society, Weed Science Society of America (WSSA), American Society of Agronomy, American Chemical Society, Entomological Society of America, American Phytopathological Society, Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), Sigma Xi, Aquatic Plant Management Society, European Weed Research Society, and about 10 other regional, national or international scientific societies.Homer has held numerous leadership positions, including being on the Board of Directors of several of these scientific societies. He served as president of the Northeastern Weed Science Society (NEWSS) in 1969-70, of the Southern Weed Science Society (SWSS) in 1986-87, and of WSSA in 1989-90; the only scientist to have served as president of three weed science societies.In 1961 Dr. LeBaron received the Best Scientific Paper Award at the NEWSS; in 1978 was elected a Fellow in the WSSA, in 1988 received the Distinguished Service Award in the SWSS, and a USDA Certificate of Appreciation in 1990 for outstanding leadership in groundwater research programs.

• Foreword – Dennis T. AveryChapter 1 – The Triazine Herbicides: A Milestone in the Development of Modern Crop Technology – Homer M. LeBaron and Janis McFarlandChapter 2 – History of the Discovery and Development of Triazine Herbicides – Gustav MüllerChapter 3 – Registration and Production of Triazine Herbicides – Walter Heri, Franz Pfister, Beth Carroll, Thomas Parshley, and James B. Nabors Chapter 4 – Weed Control Trends and Practices in North America – David R. Pike, Ellery L. Knake, and Marshal D. McGlameryChapter 5 – Farming Trends and Practices in Northern Europe – James H. OrsonChapter 6 – Biology and Ecology of Weeds and the Impact of Triazine Herbicides – Homer M. LeBaron and Gustav MüllerChapter 7 – Plant Uptake and Metabolism of Triazine Herbicides – Bruce J. Simoneaux and Thomas J. GouldChapter 8 – The Mode of Action of Triazine Herbicides in Plants – Achim TrebstChapter 9 – Basis of Crop Selectivity and Weed Resistance to Triazine Herbicides – Amit Shukla and Malcolm D. DevineChapter 10 – Distribution and Management of Triazine-Resistant Weeds – Homer M. LeBaronChapter 11 – Weeds Resistant to Nontriazine Classes of Herbicides – Homer M. LeBaron and Eugene R. HillChapter 12 – The Use of Economic Benefit Models in Estimating the Value of Triazine Herbicides – Gerald A. CarlsonChapter 13 – Benefits of Triazine Herbicides in Corn and Sorghum Production – David C. BridgesChapter 14 – Benefits of Triazine Herbicides in Ecofallow – David L. Regehr and Charles A. NorwoodChapter 15 – Weed Control in Sugarcane and the Role of Triazine Herbicides – Dudley T. Smith, Edward P. Richard, Jr., and Lance T. SantoChapter 16 – Benefits of Triazine Herbicides and Other Weed Control Technology in Citrus Management – Megh Singh and Shiv D. SharmaChapter 17 – Benefits of Triazine Herbicides for Weed Control in Fruit and Nut Crops – Clyde L. Elmore and Arthur H. LangeChapter 18 – Benefits of Triazine Herbicides in the Production of Ornamentals and Conifer Trees – John F. Ahrens and Michael NewtonChapter 19 – Benefits of Triazine Herbicides in Turf – G. Euel Coats, Steve T. Kelly, and James M. TaylorChapter 20 – Methods of Analysis for Triazine Herbicides and Their Metabolites – Richard A. McLaughlin, Michael V. Barringer, James F. Brady, and Robert A. YokleyChapter 21 – Triazine Soil Interactions – David A. Laird and William C. KoskinenChapter 22 – Microbial Degradation of s Triazine Herbicides – Raphi T. Mandelbaum, Michael J. Sadowsky and Lawrence P. WackettChapter 23 – Nonbiological Degradation of Triazine Herbicides: Photolysis and Hydrolysis – Allan J. CessnaChapter 24 – Soil Movement and Persistence of Triazine Herbicides – William C. Koskinen and Philip BanksChapter 25 – Hazard Assessment for Selected Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Triazine Herbicides – Charles B. Breckenridge, Christoph Werner, James T. Stevens, and Darrell D. SumnerChapter 26 – Mode of Action of Atrazine for Mammary Tumor Formation in the Female Sprague-Dawley Rats – Lawrence T. Wetzel and J. Charles EldridgeChapter 27 – Dietary Exposure Assessment of the Triazine Herbicides – Leslie D. Bray, Nina Heard, Robert A. Kahrs, Arpad Z. Szarka, and Dennis S. HackettChapter 28 – Probabilistic Assessment of Laboratory-Derived Acute Toxicity Data for the Triazine Herbicides to Aquatic Organisms – Keith R. Solomon and Dennis CooperChapter 29 – Atrazine and Simazine Monitoring Data in Community Water Systems in the United States During 1993 to 2000 – Dennis P. Tierney, B. R. Christensen, Cheryl Dando and Kendra M. MarutChapter 30 – A Decade of Measuring, Monitoring, and Studying the Fate and Transport of Triazine Herbicides in Groundwater, Surface Water, Reservoirs, and Precipitation by the U.S. Geological Survey – E. Michael Thurman and Elisabeth A. ScribnerChapter 31 – Probabilistic Risk Assessment Using Atrazine and Simazine as a Model – Robert L. Sielken, Jr., Robert S. Bretzlaff and Cirisco Valdez-FloresChapter 32 – Progress in Best Management Practices – John F. Hebblethwaite and Carol N. SomodyChapter 33 – Environmental Benefits of Triazine Use in Conservation Tillage – Richard S. FawcettChapter 34 – Role of Triazine Herbicides in Sustainable Agriculture: Potential of Nonchemical Weed Control Methods as Substitutes for Herbicides in United States Corn Production – Leonard P. Gianessi and Janet E. CarpenterChapter 35 – Environmental Stewardship: The Roots of a Family Farm – Jere WhiteAppendix Table 1 – Chemical structures, names and weights of triazine herbicidesAppendix Table 2 – Physical/chemical properties of triazine herbicidesAppendix Table 3 – Selected metabolites of various triazine herbicides listed by metabolic processes or by individual compoundAppendix Table 4A – Scientific and common names of weeds mentioned in this book in alphabetic order by scientific nameAppendix Table 4B – Common and scientific names of weeds mentioned in this book in alphabetic order by common nameAppendix Table 5 – Triazine herbicide use as percent crop treated in major US crops during 2002