For decades, American interests in the Middle East were defined by preventing the disruption of oil exports, protecting Israel, and containing the Soviet Union. Steven Cook takes the reader beyond the relative successes of that era into more recent cycles of frustration and policy shortcomings...Cook reminds the reader that these states have agency, too. And thousands of years of culture and social organization. In Cook's view, America's national interests are better served by a deeper understanding of the region, and by an engaged policy informed by an emphasis on diplomacy, private sector contributions, military partnerships, and realism. Cook's frank assessment is compelling reading for the classroom, the newsroom, the boardroom, or the Situation Room.