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An Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool University Press website and the OAPEN library.This book explores the emergence and development of terraforming in science fiction from H.G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds (1898) to James Cameron’s blockbuster Avatar (2009). Terraforming is the process of making other worlds habitable for human life. Its counterpart on Earth – geoengineering – has begun to receive serious consideration as a way to address the effects of climate change. This book asks how science fiction has imagined the ways we shape both our world and other planets and how stories of terraforming reflect on science, society and environmentalism. It traces the growth of the motif of terraforming in stories by such writers as H.G. Wells and Olaf Stapledon in the UK, American pulp science fiction by Ray Bradbury, Robert Heinlein and Arthur C. Clarke, the counter cultural novels of Frank Herbert, Ursula K. Le Guin and Ernest Callenbach, and Pamela Sargent’s Venus trilogy, Frederick Turner’s epic poem of terraforming, Genesis, and Kim Stanley Robinson’s acclaimed Mars trilogy. It explores terraforming as a nexus for environmental philosophy, the pastoral, ecology, the Gaia hypothesis, the politics of colonisation and habitation, tradition and memory. This book shows how contemporary environmental awareness and our understanding of climate change is influenced by science fiction, and how terraforming in particular has offered scientists, philosophers, and many other readers a motif to aid in thinking in complex ways about the human impact on planetary environments. Amidst contemporary anxieties about climate change, terraforming offers an important vantage from which to consider the ways humankind shapes and is shaped by their world.
Chris Pak is Editor-in-Chief of the Science Fiction Research Association's SFRA Review.
AcknowledgementsIntroduction: Terraforming: Engineering Imaginary EnvironmentsShaping Earth and the Solar System Sf as Environmental Literature A Disciplined Thought Experiment: Landscaping, SF and TerraformingThe Lay of the Land 1: Landscaping Nature’s Otherness in Pre-1960s Terraforming and Proto-Gaian StoriesTerraforming as a Site for Environmental Philosophical ReflectionThe War on Nature in Wells’ The Shape of Things to Come and John Russell Fearn’s “Earth’s Mausoleum”Nature’s Otherness and Terraforming in Stapledon’s Last and First Men and Star MakerDeism and Teleology in Stapledon’s Essays of Myth CreationPre-1940s Proto-Gaian Living WorldsProto-Gaian Scientific Romance: M.P. Shiel’s The Purple Cloud and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s “When the World Screamed”The Pulp SF Proto-Gaian ClusterThe Decline of the Living World Motif in 1950s American Pulp Sf2: The American Pastoral and the Conquest of SpaceThe Garden of the World in Early 1950s Terraforming StoriesThe Burden of Hope in the Garden of the Chattel: 1950s Consensus DystopiasMoral Extensionism in Late 1950s-Early 1960s Terraforming Stories3: Ecology and Environmental Awareness in 1960s-1970s Terraforming Stories1960s-1970s Proto-Gaian Living WorldsTerragouging: Time and the ForestTerraforming in the 1960s-1970sTerraforming and Ecopolitics in the Dune Sequence The Garden in DuneRobert Heinlein’s The Moon is a Harsh MistressUrsula K. Le Guin’s The DispossessedErnest Callenbach’s Ecotopia4: Edging Toward an Eco-Cosmopolitan VisionBuilding Critical Spaces: Pamela Sargent’s VenusDomes on Venus: Chronotopes of EnclosureThe Pastoral in Pamela Sargent’s Venus TrilogyFrederick Turner’s Genesis: An Epic Poem5: Kim Stanley Robinson’s Mars TrilogyGardens on Mars“Stepping Back”Visions Reflected Back to EarthClosed Life-Support Systems, Soil and CyberneticsEco-Economics and the Landscape as MirrorScience and NatureOn Martian MythsAcknowledgementsIntroduction: Terraforming: Engineering Imaginary EnvironmentsShaping Earth and the Solar System Sf as Environmental Literature A Disciplined Thought Experiment: Landscaping, SF and TerraformingThe Lay of the Land1: Landscaping Nature’s Otherness in Pre-1960s Terraforming and Proto-Gaian StoriesTerraforming as a Site for Environmental Philosophical ReflectionThe War on Nature in Wells’ The Shape of Things to Come and John Russell Fearn’s “Earth’s Mausoleum”Nature’s Otherness and Terraforming in Stapledon’s Last and First Men and Star MakerDeism and Teleology in Stapledon’s Essays of Myth CreationPre-1940s Proto-Gaian Living WorldsProto-Gaian Scientific Romance: M.P. Shiel’s The Purple Cloud and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s “When the World Screamed”The Pulp SF Proto-Gaian ClusterThe Decline of the Living World Motif in 1950s American Pulp Sf2: The American Pastoral and the Conquest of SpaceThe Garden of the World in Early 1950s Terraforming StoriesThe Burden of Hope in the Garden of the Chattel: 1950s Consensus DystopiasMoral Extensionism in Late 1950s-Early 1960s Terraforming Stories3: Ecology and Environmental Awareness in 1960s-1970s Terraforming Stories1960s-1970s Proto-Gaian Living WorldsTerragouging: Time and the ForestTerraforming in the 1960s-1970sTerraforming and Ecopolitics in the Dune Sequence The Garden in DuneRobert Heinlein’s The Moon is a Harsh MistressUrsula K. Le Guin’s The DispossessedErnest Callenbach’s Ecotopia4: Edging Toward an Eco-Cosmopolitan VisionBuilding Critical Spaces: Pamela Sargent’s VenusDomes on Venus: Chronotopes of EnclosureThe Pastoral in Pamela Sargent’s Venus TrilogyFrederick Turner’s Genesis: An Epic Poem5: Kim Stanley Robinson’s Mars TrilogyGardens on Mars“Stepping Back”Visions Reflected Back to EarthClosed Life-Support Systems, Soil and CyberneticsEco-Economics and the Landscape as MirrorScience and NatureOn Martian MythsConclusionCodaWorks CitedPrimary Works CitedSecondary Works CitedIndex
'Terraforming: Ecopolitical Transformations and Environmentalism in Science Fiction is the first study to trace the historical development of environmental science fiction, and it convincingly frames this development within the genre’s representation of planetary adaptation...Pak’s is a very good book.'Professor Eric Otto, Florida Gulf Coast University
