Synthesized Transmission Lines

TZYH-GHUANG MA, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan CHAO-WEI WANG, MediaTek Inc., Taiwan CHI-HUI LAI, ASUSTeK Computer Inc., Taiwan YING-CHENG TSENG, National Taiwan University, Taiwan

• Preface xi1 Introduction to Synthesized Transmission Lines 1C. W. Wang and T. G. Ma1.1 Introduction 11.2 Propagation Characteristics of a TEM Transmission Line 21.2.1 Wave Equations 21.2.2 Keys to Miniaturization 51.3 Analysis of Synthesized Transmission Lines 71.3.1 Bloch Theorem and Characterization of a Periodic Synthesized Transmission Line 71.3.2 Characterization of a Non‐Periodic Synthesized Transmission Line 91.3.3 Extraction of Line Parameters from S‐Parameters 101.4 Lumped and Quasi‐Lumped Approaches 111.4.1 Lumped Networks 111.4.2 Shunt‐Stub Loaded Lines 141.5 One‐Dimensional Periodic Structures 161.5.1 Complementary‐Conducting‐Strip Lines 191.6 Photonic Bandgap Structures 201.7 Left‐Handed Structures 21References 242 Non‐Periodic Synthesized Transmission Lines for Circuit Miniaturization 26C. W. Wang and T. G. Ma2.1 Introduction 262.2 Non‐Periodic Synthesized Microstrip Lines and Their Applications 272.2.1 Design Details and Propagation Characteristics 272.2.2 90° and 180° Hybrid Couplers 302.2.3 Application to Butler Matrix as Array Feeding Network 322.3 Non‐Periodic Synthesized Coplanar Waveguides and Their Applications 342.3.1 Synthesis and Design 342.3.2 180° Hybrid Using Synthesized CPWs 372.3.3 Dual‐Mode Ring Bandpass Filters 382.4 Non‐Periodic Quasi‐Lumped Synthesized Coupled Lines 422.4.1 Basics of Coupled Transmission Lines 422.4.2 Miniaturization of Coupled Lines and the Directional Couplers 442.4.3 Marchand Baluns Using Synthesized Coupled Lines 492.4.4 Lumped Directional Coupler and the Phase Shifter 532.5 Non‐Periodic Synthesized Lines Using Vertical Inductors 55References 603 Dual/Tri‐Operational Mode Synthesized Transmission Lines: Design and Analysis 62C. H. Lai and T. G. Ma3.1 Introduction 623.2 Equivalent Circuit Models and Analysis 633.2.1 Ladder‐Type Approximation in the Passband 633.2.2 Half‐Circuit Model at Resonance 643.3 Dual‐Operational Mode Synthesized Transmission Lines 653.3.1 Design Concept 653.3.2 Dual‐Mode Synthesized Line Using a Series Resonator 663.3.3 Dual‐Mode Synthesized Line Using Open-Circuited Stubs 703.3.4 Dual‐Mode Synthesized Line Using Parallel Resonators 723.4 Tri‐Operational Mode Synthesized Lines Using Series Resonators 743.4.1 Design Concept 743.4.2 Tri‐Mode Synthesized Line as Category‐1 Design 753.4.3 Tri‐Mode Synthesized Line as Category‐2 Design 793.4.4 Tri‐Mode Synthesized Line as Category‐3 Design 833.5 Multi‐Operational Mode Synthesized Lines as Diplexer and Triplexer 873.5.1 Diplexer 873.5.2 Triplexer 89References 944 Applications to Heterogeneous Integrated Phased Arrays 95C. H. Lai and T. G. Ma4.1 Introduction 954.2 Dual‐Mode Retrodirective Array 964.2.1 Design Goal 964.2.2 System Architecture 974.2.3 Circuit Realization 984.2.4 Bistatic Radiation Patterns 1024.2.5 Alternative Architecture 1034.3 Dual‐Mode Integrated Beam‐Switching/Retrodirective Array 1064.3.1 Design Goal 1064.3.2 System Architecture 1064.3.3 Circuit Realization 1094.3.4 Radiation Characteristics 1114.3.5 Complementary Design 1114.4 Tri‐Mode Heterogeneous Integrated Phased Array 1154.4.1 Design Goal 1154.4.2 System Architecture 1164.4.3 Operation and System Implementation 1174.4.4 Circuit Responses and Radiation Patterns 1194.4.4.1 Beam‐Switching Mode 1204.4.4.2 Van Atta Mode 1224.4.4.3 PCA Mode 1224.5 Simplified Dual‐Mode Integrated Array Using Two Elements 122References 1245 On‐Chip Realization of Synthesized Transmission Lines Using IPD Processes 126Y. C. Tseng and T. G. Ma5.1 Introduction 1265.2 Integrated Passive Device (IPD) Process 1275.3 Tight Couplers Using Synthesized CPWs 1285.3.1 Quadrature Hybrid 1285.3.2 Wideband Rat‐Race Coupler 1295.3.3 Dual‐Band Rat‐Race Coupler 1325.3.4 Coupled‐Line Coupler 1375.3.5 Butler Matrix 1395.4 Bandpass/Bandstop Filters Using Synthesized CPWs 1425.4.1 Bandpass Filter Using Synthesized Stepped‐Impedance Resonators 1435.4.2 Transformer‐Coupled Bandpass Filter 1465.4.3 Bridged T‐Coils as Common‐Mode Filter 1475.5 Chip Designs Using Multi‐Mode Synthesized CPWs 1515.5.1 Diplexer 1515.5.2 Dual‐Mode Rat‐Race Coupler 1545.5.3 Triplexer 1575.5.4 On‐Chip Liquid Detector 161References 1666 Periodic Synthesized Transmission Lines with Two‐Dimensional Routing 168T. G. Ma6.1 Introduction 1686.2 Design of the Unit Cells 1696.2.1 Formulation 1696.2.2 Quarter‐Wavelength Lines 1726.3 Power Divider and Couplers 1746.4 Broadside Directional Coupler 1786.4.1 Design Principle 1786.4.2 Circuit Realization 1806.5 Common‐Mode Rejection Filter 1846.5.1 Design Principle 1846.5.2 Circuit Realization 1876.6 On‐Chip Implementation 1896.6.1 Unit Cells and Quarter‐Wavelength Lines 1896.6.2 Circuit Implementations and Compensation 192References 194Index 196