Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology

Stephen Ashwal, MD, is Distinguished Professor and former Chief of the Division of Child Neurology in the Department of Pediatrics at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. He is a graduate of New York University School of Medicine (1966-1970) and completed his residency training programs in Pediatrics (Bellevue Hospital, 1970-1973) and in Child Neurology (University of Minnesota, 1973-1976). His research activities have focused on critical care issues in child neurology related to brain death, the vegetative and minimally conscious states, bacterial meningitis, and near drowning; the role of nitric oxide in focal cerebral ischemia; development of animal models of neonatal stroke and the use of proton spectroscopy for outcome prediction after acute CNS injuries. Dr. Ashwal has been a member of the Child Neurology Society since 1975 and served as chair of the Scientific Selection, Ethics, Archives and Practice Committee, Councilor from the West, Secretary-Treasurer of the Society, and President (2001-2003). He edited The Founders of Child Neurology, published on behalf of the Society in 1990, which is a history of the field of child neurology and its major contributors. He served as co-chair (representing the CNS) on the Multi-Society Task Force on the Persistent Vegetative State. He has been active in the development of practice guidelines related to child neurology and served as a member of the Guidelines Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology that is responsible for development of guidelines dealing with issues related to the evaluation of children with autism, cerebral palsy, developmental delay, headaches and status epilepticus. With Dr. Kenneth Swaiman and other co-editors, he has served as co-editor of one of the main textbooks in the field of child neurology, Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Principles & Practice. Phillip L. Pearl, MD, is Director of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology and William G. Lennox Chair in the Department of Neurology at Boston Children's Hospital and Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Pearl, originally from Baltimore, attended Johns Hopkins University, Peabody Conservatory of Music, and University of Maryland School of Medicine. He took his residency at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston and fellowship at Boston Children's Hospital. Dr. Pearl has published over 210 manuscripts and over 100 chapters and reviews, and he has authored or edited five books in the field of child neurology, two of which have been translated into Chinese and Japanese. He is also on the faculty of the Music and Health Institute of the Berklee College of Music in Boston. His major research interest is inherited metabolic epilepsies. Dr. Pearl is Past President of the Professors of Child Neurology and former President of the Child Neurology Society.

• PART I: Clinical Evaluation 1. General Aspects of the Patient’s Neurologic History 2. Neurologic Examination of the Older Child 3. Neurologic Examination of Young Children (Ages 1-5 Years) 4. Neurologic Examination of Infants (Ages 0-1 Year) 5. Motor Signs 6. Vision Loss 7. Hearing Impairment 8. Vertigo 9. Taste and Smell 10. Neuropsychological Assessment PART II: Care of the Child With Neurologic Disorders 11. Counseling Children With Neurologic Disorders and Their Families 12. Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Medicine 13. Pediatric Palliative Care, Pain, and Symptom Management 14. Practical Bioethics in Child Neurology 15. Transitional Care for Children With Neurologic Disorders 16. Practice Guidelines in Pediatric Neurology 17. Measurement of Health Outcomes in Pediatric Neurologic Disorders 18. Computer Resources, Artificial Intelligence, and Telemedicine 19. Education and Training of Child Neurologists and Workforce Issues PART III: Neurodiagnostic Testing 20. Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination 21. Pediatric Neuroimaging 22. Pediatric Neurophysiologic Evaluation PART IV: Global Child Neurology 23. Regional and Global Implications for Children’s Brain Health 24. Implementing Child Neurology Care in Resource-Limited Settings 25. Adaptation and Implementation of Guidelines at the Local Level PART V: Neonatal Neurology 26. Neonatal Neuro-Intensive Care 27. Provoked Neonatal Seizures and Neonatal Onset Epilepsy 28. Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in the Term Newborn 29. Cerebrovascular Disorders in the Newborn 30. Neonatal Nervous System Trauma 31. Injury to the Developing Preterm Brain: Intraventricular Hemorrhage and White Matter Injury 32. Perinatal Metabolic Encephalopathies PART VI: Environment and Brain Development 33. The Neural Exposome and Environmental Neuroscience 34. Adverse Childhood Experiences 35. The Neurological Impact of Prenatal Substance Exposure 36. Environmental Pollutants 37. Malnutrition, Nutrition, and Dietary Toxins 38. Poisoning and Drug-Induced Neurologic Diseases PART VII: Congenital Structural Defects 39. Introduction to Human Brain Malformations 40. Disorders of Neural Tube Development 41. Disorders of Forebrain Development 42. Disorders of Cerebellar and Brainstem Development 43. Microcephaly and Megalencephaly: Disorders of Brain Size 44. Malformations of Cortical Development 45. Hydrocephalus, Cysts, and Cystic Malformations 46. Congenital Anomalies of the Skull 47. Prenatal Diagnosis of Structural Brain Anomalies PART VIII: Neurogenetics 48. Neurogenetics in the Genome Era 49. Genetic Counseling in the Genomic Era 50. Chromosomes and Chromosomal Abnormalities 51. Single-Gene Abnormalities 52. Neurocutaneous Disorders 53. Emerging Gene-Based Pathways: Channelopathies (Epilepsy and Beyond) 54. Emerging Gene-Based Pathways: mTORopathies 55. Emerging Gene-Based Pathways: RASopathies 56. Emerging Gene-Based Pathways: Chromatin Remodeling Disorders 57. The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses PART IX: Metabolic Disorders 58. Approach to the Patient With a Metabolic Disorder 59. Aminoacidemias and Organic Acidemias 60. Urea Cycle Disorders 61. Diseases Associated With Primary Abnormalities in Carbohydrate Metabolism 62. Disorders of Glycosylation 63. Lysosomal Storage Diseases 64. Mitochondrial Diseases 65. Peroxisomal Disorders 66. Neurotransmitter-Related Disorders 67. Disorders of Vitamin Metabolism PART X: Neurodevelopmental Disorders 68. Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: Conceptual Framework 69. Intellectual Developmental Disorder and Global Developmental Delay 70. Regressive and Degenerative Genetic Neurological Disorders 71. Developmental Encephalopathies 72. Developmental Language Disorders 73. Nonverbal Learning Disorders 74. Dyslexia 75. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 76. Autism Spectrum Disorder 77. Cerebral Palsy 78. Developmental Coordination Disorder 79. Treatment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 80. Neuropsychopharmacology PART XI: Epilepsy 81. Overview of Seizures and Epilepsy in Children 82. Principles of Management and Outcome 83. Pathophysiology of Seizures and Epilepsy 84. Epilepsy Genetics 85. Febrile Seizures 86. Generalized Seizures 87. Focal and Multifocal Seizures 88. Myoclonic Seizures 89. Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome 90. Status Epilepticus 91. Electroclinical Syndromes: Neonatal Onset 92. Electroclinical Syndromes: Infantile Onset 93. Electroclinical Syndromes: Childhood Onset 94. Electroclinical Syndromes: Adolescent Onset 95. Focal Structural Epilepsy 96. Acquired Epilepsies: Trauma, Stroke, and Tumors 97. Inherited Metabolic Epilepsies 98. Antiseizure Medication Therapy in Children 99. Epilepsy Surgery in the Pediatric Population 100. Neuromodulation in Epilepsy 101. Ketogenic Diets 102. Behavioral, Cognitive, and Social Implications of Childhood Epilepsy 103. Mortality in Children With Epilepsy PART XII: Nonepileptiform Paroxysmal Disorders 104. Headache in Children and Adolescents 105. Breath-Holding Spells and Reflex Anoxic Seizures 106. Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures and Psychiatric Disorders 107. Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder in Children and Adolescents 108. Syncope and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome 109. Brief Resolved Unexplained Events, Apparent Life-Threatening Events, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome PART XIII: Disorders of Sleep 110. Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder in Children and Adolescents 111. Nocturnal Paroxysmal Disorders 112. Disorders of Excessive Sleepiness PART XIV: Disorders of Balance and Movement 113. The Cerebellum and the Hereditary Ataxias 114. Movement Disorders: An Overview 115. Paroxysmal Dyskinesias 116. Movement Disorders of Infancy 117. Drug-Induced Movement Disorders in Children 118. Tics and Tourette Syndrome PART XV: White Matter Disorders 119. Genetic and Metabolic Disorders of the White Matter 120. Acquired Disorders Affecting the White Matter PART XVI: Brain Injury and Disorders of Consciousness 121. Impairment of Consciousness and Coma 122. Traumatic Brain Injury in Children 123. Abusive Head Trauma 124. Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Infants and Older Children 125. Disorders of Intracranial Pressure 126. Spinal Cord Injury 127. Determination of Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria in Infants and Children PART XVII: Cerebrovascular Disease in Children 128. Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Infants and Children 129. Sinovenous Thrombosis 130. Vascular Malformations, Intracerebral Hemorrhage, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Infants and Children 131. Cerebral Arteriopathies 132. Coagulation Disorders and Cerebrovascular Disease in Children PART XVIII: Infections of the Nervous System 133. Bacterial Infections of the Nervous System 134. Viral Infections of the Nervous System 135. Fungal, Rickettsial, and Parasitic Diseases of the Nervous System 136. Neurologic Complications of Immunization PART XIX: Immune-Mediated Disorders of the Nervous System 137. Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Neuroimmunological Disorders 138. Autoimmune Encephalitis 139. Autoimmune-Associated Epilepsies 140. Sydenham Chorea, Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococcus, and Pediatric Acute Neuropsychiatric Syndrome 141. Immune-Mediated Cerebellar Disorders 142. Neurorheumatology PART XX: Pediatric Neuro-Oncology 143. Pediatric Neuro-Oncology: An Overview 144. Medulloblastoma 145. Other Embryonal and Pineal Malignancies of the Central Nervous System 146. Ependymoma 147. Pediatric-Type Diffuse High-Grade Glioma 148. Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma 149. Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Diffuse Midline Glioma 150. Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors 151. Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors152. Craniopharyngiomas, Meningiomas, and Schwannomas153. Pediatric Intradural Spinal Cord Tumors154. Systemic Cancers and Central Nervous System Involvement155. Treatment-Related Neurologic Sequelae of Pediatric Central Nervous System TumorsPART XXI: Neuromuscular Disorders156. Muscle and Nerve Development in Health and Disease157. Diagnostic Testing in Children With Suspected Neuromuscular Disorders158. Clinical Assessment of Pediatric Neuromuscular Disorders159. The Floppy Infant160. Classic Proximal Spinal Muscular Atrophy161. Other Motor Neuron Diseases of Childhood162. Genetic Peripheral Neuropathies163. Acquired Peripheral Neuropathies164. Inflammatory Neuropathies165. Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes166. Acquired Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction167. Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy168. Congenital, Limb-Girdle, and Other Muscular Dystrophies169. Congenital Myopathies170. Metabolic Myopathies171. Inflammatory Myopathies172. Channelopathies: Myotonic Disorders and Periodic Paralysis173. Multidisciplinary Management of Children With Neuromuscular ConditionsPART XXII: Systemic and Autonomic Nervous System Diseases174. Endocrine Disorders of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary in Childhood and Adolescence175. Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System: Autonomic Dysfunction in Pediatric Practice176. Disorders of Micturition and Defecation177. Neurologic Disorders in Children With Heart Disease178. Neurologic Disorders Associated With Renal Diseases179. Neurologic Manifestations and Disorders Associated With Gastrointestinal DiseasesIndex