Structural Steel Design

Jack C. McCormac is a retired Clemson civil engineering professor named by the Engineering News Record as one of the top 125 engineers or architects in the world in the last 125 years for his contributions to education. McCormac has authored or co-authored seven engineering textbooks, with more than half a million copies now in print. His current books have been adopted at more than 500 universities throughout the world. McCormac holds a BS in civil engineering from the Citadel, an MS in civil engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a Doctor of Letters from Clemson University. Named an Alumni Distinguished Professor, he taught at Clemson for approximately thirty-four years before retiring in 1989. He is included in the International Who's Who in Engineering.  Stephen F. Csernak is a Senior Lecturer of Civil Engineering at Clemson University. He earned both his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Civil Engineering from Clemson University. Csernak’s research interests include: Structural Engineering, Wind and Seismic Design, and Professional Registration. Registered as a professional engineer in South Carolina, Virginia, and Kentucky, Csernak is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the National Society of Professional Engineers, the American Concrete Institute, and the American Institute of Steel Construction.

• Table of Contents Introduction to Structural Steel Design 1.1 Advantages of Steel as a Structural Material1.2 Disadvantages of Steel as a Structural Material1.3 Early Uses of Iron and Steel1.4 Steel Sections1.5 Metric Units1.6 Cold-Formed Light-Gage Steel Shapes1.7 Stress—Strain Relationships in Structural Steel1.8 Modern Structural Steels1.9 Uses of High-Strength Steels1.10 Measurement of Toughness1.11 Jumbo Sections1.12 Lamellar Tearing1.13 Furnishing of Structural Steel1.14 The Work of the Structural Designer1.15 Responsibilities of the Structural Designer1.16 Economical Design of Steel Members1.17 Failure of Structures1.18 Handling and Shipping Structural Steel1.19 Calculation Accuracy1.20 Computers and Structural Steel Design1.21 Problems for SolutionSpecifications, Loads, and Methods of Design 2.1 Specifications and Building Codes2.2 Loads2.3 Dead Loads2.4 Live Loads2.5 Environmental Loads2.6 Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and Allowable Strength Design (ASD)2.7 Nominal Strengths2.8 Shading2.9 Computation of Loads for LRFD and ASD2.10 Computing Combined Loads with LRFD Expressions2.11 Computing Combined Loads with ASD Expressions2.12 Two Methods of Obtaining an Acceptable Level of Safety2.13 Discussion of Sizes of Load Factors and Safety Factors2.14 Author’s Comment2.15 Examples with Video Solution2.16 Problems for SolutionAnalysis of Tension Members 3.1 Introduction3.2 Nominal Strengths of Tension Members3.3 Net Areas3.4 Effect of Staggered Holes3.5 Effective Net Areas3.6 Connecting Elements for Tension Members3.7 Block Shear3.8 Examples with Video Solution3.9 Problems for SolutionDesign of Tension Members 4.1 Selection of Sections4.2 Built-Up Tension Members4.3 Rods and Bars4.4 Pin-Connected Members4.5 Design for Fatigue Loads4.6 Examples with Video Solution4.7 Problems for SolutionIntroduction to Axially Loaded Compression Members 5.1 General5.2 Residual Stresses5.3 Sections Used for Columns5.4 Development of Column Formulas5.5 The Euler Formula5.6 End Restraint and Effective Lengths of Columns5.7 Stiffened and Unstiffened Elements5.8 Long, Short, and Intermediate Columns5.9 Column Formulas5.10 Maximum Slenderness Ratios5.11 Example Problems5.12 Examples with Video Solution5.13 Problems for SolutionDesign of Axially Loaded Compression Members 6.1 Introduction6.2 AISC Design Tables6.3 Column Splices6.4 Built-Up Columns6.5 Built-Up Columns with Components in Contact with Each Other6.6 Connection Requirements for Built-Up Columns Whose Components Are in Contact with Each Other6.7 Built-Up Columns with Components Not in Contact with Each Other6.8 Single-Angle Compression Members6.9 Sections Containing Slender Elements6.10 Flexural-Torsional Buckling of Compression Members6.11 Examples with Video Solution6.12 Problems for SolutionDesign of Axially Loaded Compression Members (Continued) and Column Base Plates 7.1 Introduction7.2 Further Discussion of Effective Lengths7.3 Frames Meeting Alignment Chart Assumptions7.4 Frames Not Meeting Alignment Chart Assumptions As to Joint Rotations7.5 Stiffness-Reduction Factors7.6 Columns Leaning on Each Other for In-Plane Design7.7 Base Plates for Concentrically Loaded Columns7.8 Examples with Video Solution7.9 Problems for SolutionIntroduction to Beams 8.1 Types of Beams8.2 Sections Used as Beams8.3 Bending Stresses8.4 Plastic Hinges8.5 Elastic Design8.6 The Plastic Modulus8.7 Theory of Plastic Analysis8.8 The Collapse Mechanism8.9 The Virtual-Work Method8.10 Location of Plastic Hinge for Uniform Loadings8.11 Continuous Beams8.12 Building Frames8.13 Examples with Video Solution8.14 Problems for SolutionDesign of Beams for Moments 9.1 Introduction9.2 Yielding Behavior–Full Plastic Moment, Zone 19.3 Design of Beams, Zone 19.4 Lateral Support of Beams9.5 Introduction to Inelastic Buckling, Zone 29.6 Moment Capacities, Zone 29.7 Elastic Buckling, Zone 39.8 Design Charts9.9 Noncompact Sections9.10 Examples with Video Solution9.11 Problems for SolutionDesign of Beams–Miscellaneous Topics (Shear, Deflection, etc.) 10.1 Design of Continuous Beams10.2 Shear10.3 Deflections10.4 Webs and Flanges with Concentrated Loads10.5 Unsymmetrical Bending10.6 Design of Purlins10.7 The Shear Center10.8 Beam-Bearing Plates10.9 Lateral Bracing at Member Ends Supported on Base Plates10.10 Examples with Video Solution10.11 Problems for SolutionBending and Axial Force 11.1 Occurrence11.2 Members Subject to Bending and Axial Tension11.3 First-Order and Second-Order Moments for Members Subject to Axial Compression and Bending11.4 Direct Analysis Method (DAM)11.5 Effective Length Method (ELM)11.6 Approximate Second-Order Analysis11.7 Beam—Columns in Braced Frames11.8 Beam—Columns in Unbraced Frames11.9 Design of Beam—Columns–Braced or Unbraced11.10 Examples with Video Solution11.11 Problems for SolutionBolted Connections 12.1 Introduction12.2 Types of Bolts12.3 History of High-Strength Bolts12.4 Advantages of High-Strength Bolts12.5 Snug-Tight, Pretensioned, and Slip-Critical Bolts12.6 Methods for Fully Pretensioning High-Strength Bolts12.7 Slip-Resistant Connections and Bearing-Type Connections12.8 Mixed Joints12.9 Sizes of Bolt Holes12.10 Load Transfer and Types of Joints12.11 Failure of Bolted Joints12.12 Spacing and Edge Distances of Bolts12.13 Bearing-Type Connections–Loads Passing Through Center of Gravity of Connections12.14 Slip-Critical Connections–Loads Passing Through Center of Gravity of Connections12.15 Examples with Video Solution12.16 Problems for SolutionEccentrically Loaded Bolted Connections and Historical Notes on Rivets 13.1 Bolts Subjected to Eccentric Shear13.2 Bolts Subjected to Shear and Tension (Bearing-Type Connections)13.3 Bolts Subjected to Shear and Tension (Slip-Critical Connections)13.4 Tension Loads on Bolted Joints13.5 Prying Action13.6 Historical Notes on Rivets13.7 Types of Rivets13.8 Strength of Riveted Connections–Rivets in Shear and Bearing13.9 Examples with Video Solution13.10 Problems for SolutionWelded Connections 14.1 General14.2 Advantages of Welding14.3 American Welding Society14.4 Types of Welding14.5 Prequalified Welding14.6 Welding Inspection14.7 Classification of Welds14.8 Welding Symbols14.9 Groove Welds14.10 Fillet Welds14.11 Strength of Welds14.12 AISC Requirements14.13 Design of Simple Fillet Welds14.14 Design of Connections for Members with Both Longitudinal and Transverse Fillet Welds14.15 Some Miscellaneous Comments14.16 Design of Fillet Welds for Truss Members14.17 Plug and Slot Welds14.18 Shear and Torsion14.19 Shear and Bending14.20 Full-Penetration and Partial-Penetration Groove Welds14.21 Examples with Video Solution14.22 Problems for SolutionBuilding Connections 15.1 Selection of Type of Fastener15.2 Types of Beam Connections15.3 Standard Bolted Beam Connections15.4 AISC Manual Standard Connection Tables15.5 Designs of Standard Bolted Framed Connections15.6 Designs of Standard Welded Framed Connections15.7 Single-Plate, or Shear Tab, Framing Connections15.8 End-Plate Shear Connections15.9 Designs of Welded Seated Beam Connections15.10 Designs of Stiffened Seated Beam Connections15.11 Designs of Moment-Resisting FR Moment Connections15.12 Column Web Stiffeners15.13 Problems for SolutionComposite Beams 16.1 Composite Construction16.2 Advantages of Composite Construction16.3 Discussion of Shoring16.4 Effective Flange Widths16.5 Shear Transfer16.6 Partially Composite Beams16.7 Strength of Shear Connectors16.8 Number, Spacing, and Cover Requirements for Shear Connectors16.9 Moment Capacity of Composite Sections16.10 Deflections16.11 Design of Composite Sections16.12 Continuous Composite Sections16.13 Design of Concrete-Encased Sections16.14 Problems for SolutionComposite Columns 17.1 Introduction17.2 Advantages of Composite Columns17.3 Disadvantages of Composite Columns17.4 Lateral Bracing17.5 Specifications for Composite Columns17.6 Axial Design Strengths of Composite Columns17.7 Shear Strength of Composite Columns17.8 LRFD and ASD Tables17.9 Load Transfer at Footings and Other Connections17.10 Tensile Strength of Composite Columns17.11 Axial Load and Bending17.12 Problems for SolutionCover-Plated Beams and Built-up Girders 18.1 Cover-Plated Beams18.2 Built-up Girders18.3 Built-up Girder Proportions18.4 Flexural Strength18.5 Tension Field Action18.6 Design of Stiffeners18.7 Problems for SolutionDesign of Steel Buildings 19.1 Introduction to Low-Rise Buildings19.2 Types of Steel Frames Used for Buildings19.3 Common Types of Floor Construction19.4 Concrete Slabs on Open-Web Steel Joists19.5 One-Way and Two-Way Reinforced-Concrete Slabs19.6 Composite Floors19.7 Concrete-Pan Floors19.8 Steel Floor Deck19.9 Flat Slab Floors19.10 Precast Concrete Floors19.11 Types of Roof Construction19.12 Exterior Walls and Interior Partitions19.13 Fireproofing of Structural Steel19.14 Introduction to High-Rise Buildings19.15 Discussion of Lateral Forces19.16 Types of Lateral Bracing19.17 Analysis of Buildings with Diagonal Wind Bracing for Lateral Forces19.18 Moment-Resisting Joints19.19 Design of Buildings for Gravity Loads19.20 Selection of MembersAppendix A Derivation of the Euler Formula Appendix B Slender Compression Elements Appendix C Flexural-Torsional Buckling of Compression Members Appendix D Moment-Resisting Column Base Plates Appendix E Ponding Glossary INDEX