Structural Inequalities and Health Outcomes for Chronic Disease

Dr. Leonard E. Egede, MD, MS, FACP, is a distinguished general internist and health services researcher with over 25 years of experience in health disparities research. His work primarily focuses on developing and testing innovative interventions to address structural racism and health inequalities. Dr. Egede is currently the Chair of the Department of Medicine at the University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY.Dr. Egede's extensive research has significantly contributed to understanding the impact of structural racism on health outcomes. He has published over 475 influential articles on the intersection of structural racism, social determinants of health, and health disparities. His work has been pivotal in highlighting how systemic inequities affect healthcare delivery and patient outcomes, particularly for racial and ethnic minority communities.In addition to his research, Dr. Egede is deeply committed to mentoring the next generation of health services researchers. He has developed comprehensive mentoring programs that support junior and mid-career faculty, particularly those traditionally underrepresented in medicine, including women and ethnic minorities. His leadership extends beyond mentoring; he has spearheaded significant initiatives in faculty development and research infrastructure, securing substantial funding to support these efforts.Dr. Egede has led numerous National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants, including five R01 grants and an R21, securing nearly $20 million in total funding. His research is also funded by the National Institute for Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the Department of Defense, and the Department of Veterans Affairs.Dr. Egede's dedication to health equity is evident in his leadership roles and his commitment to creating equitable health systems. His efforts continue to inspire and drive meaningful change in the field of healthcare. His H-index, a measure of the impact and quality of his scientific output, is 81.

• Section I – Definitions, Frameworks, and Historical PerspectivesChapter 1 – Overview of the TextbookChapter 2 - Structural Racism: Definitions and Historical ContextChapter 3 - Frameworks, Models, and Theoretical ApproachesSection II – Summarizing the Evidence: Structural Racism and Health OutcomesChapter 4 - Structural Inequalities and Chronic Disease Health Outcomes: Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension, and StrokeChapter 5 - Structural Inequalities and Chronic Disease Health Outcomes: Type 2 DiabetesChapter 6 - Structural Inequalities and Chronic Disease Health Outcomes: Chronic Kidney DiseaseChapter 7 - Structural Inequalities and Chronic Disease Health Outcomes: Mental HealthChapter 8 - Structural Inequalities and Chronic Disease Health Outcomes: CancerChapter 9 - Structural Inequalities and Chronic Disease Health Outcomes: Musculoskeletal Diseases and DisordersSection III – Special PopulationsChapter 10 - Structural Inequalities and Health in Special Populations: Racial and Ethnic MinoritiesChapter 11 - Structural Inequalities and Health in Special Populations: Immigrant, Refugee and Asylee WomenChapter 12 - Structural Inequalities and Health in Special Populations: Women, Men, and Sexual and Gender MinoritiesChapter 13 - Structural Inequalities and Health in Special Populations: Rurality and HealthChapter 14 - Structural Inequalities and Health in Special Populations: Older AdultsChapter 15 - Structural Inequalities and Health in Special Populations: Incarceration and HealthSection IV – Case StudiesChapter 16 - Structural Inequalities in Health: Case Studies in GeriatricsChapter 17 - Structural Inequalities in Health: Case Studies in Maternal and Fetal HealthChapter 18 - Structural Inequalities in Health: Case Studies in Veterans with DiabetesChapter 19 - Structural Inequalities in Health: Case Studies in Healthcare System with a Focus on Inpatient CareSection V – Charting a Path ForwardChapter 20 - Structural Inequalities and Chronic Disease Health Outcomes: Addressing Mutually Reinforcing Systems in the United StatesChapter 21 - Structural Inequalities and Chronic Disease Health Outcomes: The Role of Research and EvidenceChapter 22 – Structural Inequalities and Chronic Disease Health Outcomes: Community Engagement and Public Health ApproachesChapter 23 – Structural Inequalities and Chronic Disease Health Outcomes: The Role of State and Federal GovernmentChapter 24 – Structural Inequalities and Chronic Disease Health Outcomes: Inclusive Policy and Partnerships in Sustaining Health of CommunitiesChapter 25 – Structural Inequalities and Chronic Disease Health Outcomes: Implementing Evidence Based StrategiesChapter 26 – Structural Inequalities and Chronic Disease Health Outcomes: Impact of AI on Health EquityChapter 27 – Summary and Potential Solutions