Spacecraft Systems Engineering

Dr Graham Swinerd is a Reader in Astronautics within the School of Engineering Sciences at the University of Southampton where he teaches courses in aerospace design, spacecraft systems design and astronautics. Prior to joining Southampton in 1987 he was employed by British Aerospace Space Systems, Stevenage. His research interests include orbit dynamics, space mission analysis, spacecraft attitude dynamics and control and space systems engineering.Professor John Stark joined QMUL as Professor of Aerospace Engineering in 1992. This followed previous appointments at UMIST as a lecturer (1980/83), at Southampton in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics (1983/90) as a senior lecturer, and then an executive post at BAe Space Systems Ltd (1990/92). He has served as Head of Department at QMUL from 1992 to 1999, and 2003 to date. He teaches courses in the principles of spacecraft engineering, spacecraft design and space mission engineering, and his areas of expertise include electrospray technology, spacecraft propulsion, spacecraft design and direct printing.Peter Fortescue retired as a Professor in the Astronautics Group, Department of Engineering Sciences at Southampton University in 1989.

• List of Contributors xiii Preface to the Fourth Edition xvPreface to the Third Edition xixPreface to the Second Edition xxiPreface to the First Edition xxiiiList of Acronyms xxv1 INTRODUCTIONJohn P. W. Stark, Graham G. Swinerd and Adrian R. L. Tatnall1.1 Payloads and Missions 31.2 A System View of Spacecraft 41.3 The Future 92 THE SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON DESIGNJohn P. W. Stark2.1 Introduction 112.2 Pre-Operational Spacecraft Environments 112.3 Operational Spacecraft Environments 172.4 Environmental Effects on Design 403 DYNAMICS OF SPACECRAFTPeter W. Fortescue and Graham G. Swinerd3.1 Introduction 493.2 Trajectory Dynamics 513.3 General Attitude Dynamics 583.4 Attitude Motion of Specific Types of Spacecraft 633.5 Oscillatory Modes 713.6 In Conclusion 73Appendix: The Inertia Matrix 734 CELESTIAL MECHANICSJohn P. W. Stark, Graham G. Swinerd and Peter W. Fortescue4.1 Introduction 794.2 The Two-body Problem—Particle Dynamics 814.3 Specifying the Orbit 924.4 Orbit Perturbations 934.5 Restricted Three-body Problem 1065 MISSION ANALYSISJohn P. W. Stark and Graham G. Swinerd5.1 Introduction 1115.2 Keplerian Orbit Transfers 1145.3 Mission Analysis 1165.4 Polar LEO/Remote-Sensing Satellites 1225.5 Satellite Constellations 1275.6 Geostationary Earth Orbits (GEO) 1335.7 Highly Elliptic Orbits 1435.8 Interplanetary Missions 1476 PROPULSION SYSTEMSJ. Barrie Moss and John P. W. Stark6.1 Systems Classification 1776.2 Chemical Rockets 1806.3 Spacecraft Propulsion 2026.4 Electric Propulsion 2067 LAUNCH VEHICLESJ. Barrie Moss and Graham E. Dorrington7.1 Introduction 2217.2 Basic Launch Vehicle Performance and Operation 2227.3 Spacecraft Launch Phases and Mission Planning 2317.4 The Ariane 5 Launch Vehicle 2367.5 US Crewed Launch Systems 2397.6 Small Launchers and Reusable Sub-Orbital Vehicles 2427.7 Re-Entry into Earth’s Atmosphere 2447.8 Specific Launch Costs and Reliability 2478 SPACECRAFT STRUCTURESJohn M. Houghton8.1 Introduction 2518.2 Design Requirements 2518.3 Material Selection 2568.4 Analysis 2638.5 Design Verification 2748.6 Impact Protection 2768.7 Configuration Examples 2788.8 The Future of Space Structures 2859 ATTITUDE CONTROLPeter W. Fortescue and Graham G. Swinerd9.1 Introduction 2899.2 ACS Overview 2909.3 The Spacecraft Attitude Response 2949.4 Torques and Torquers 3019.5 Attitude Measurement 3099.6 ACS Computation 32110 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMSJohn P. W. Stark10.1 Introduction 32710.2 Power System Elements 32810.3 Primary Power Systems 33010.4 Secondary Power Systems: Batteries 34510.5 Power Management, Distribution and Control 34710.6 Power Budget 35011 THERMAL CONTROL OF SPACECRAFTChris J. Savage11.1 Introduction 35711.2 The Thermal Environment 35811.3 Thermal Balance 36211.4 Thermal Analysis 36611.5 Thermal Design 37111.6 Thermal Technology 37511.7 Thermal Design Verification 38611.8 Example of Satellite Thermal Design—XMM/Newton 39012 TELECOMMUNICATIONSRay E. Sheriff and Adrian R. L. Tatnall12.1 Introduction 39512.2 Techniques of Radio Communications 40012.3 The Communications Payload 42212.4 Conclusion 43613 TELEMETRY, COMMAND, DATA HANDLING AND PROCESSINGNigel P. Fillery and David Stanton13.1 Introduction 43913.2 System Architecture 44013.3 Telemetry Data Formatting 44213.4 Telecommand 44913.5 Communication Techniques and Protocols 45513.6 On-Board Data Handling (OBDH) and Processing 45813.7 Technology 46413.8 Tools and Controlling Documents 46614 GROUND SEGMENTFranck Chatel14.1 Introduction 46714.2 The Ground Station 46814.3 Flight Dynamics 47514.4 The Ground Data System 48014.5 The Flight Operations System 48315 SPACECRAFT MECHANISMSGuglielmo S. Aglietti15.1 Introduction 49515.2 One-Shot Devices 49715.3 Continuously and Intermittently Operating Devices 50715.4 Components 51315.5 Materials 52015.6 Tribology 52115.7 Testing and Verification 52315.8 Conclusion 52416 SPACECRAFT ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY ENGINEERINGKen M. Redford16.1 Introduction 52716.2 Examples of EMC Problems 52816.3 EMC Specifications 52816.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility—Terms and Definitions 52916.5 EMC Fundamentals 53016.6 The Systems Approach to EMC 53116.7 EMC Categories 53116.8 Electrostatic Discharge 53516.9 Spacecraft Grounding Schemes 53616.10 Major Causes of Spacecraft EMC Problems 54116.11 Analysis Methods for Spacecraft EMC Engineering 54217 ASSEMBLY, INTEGRATION AND VERIFICATIONTerry Ransome17.1 Introduction 54517.2 Some Definitions 54517.3 The Verification Plan 54717.4 Relationship between Analysis and Test 55117.5 The AIV Plan 55217.6 Testing: General 55317.7 Test Types 55717.8 Model Philosophy 56117.9 Build Standards and Applications 56417.10 Ground Support Equipment 56717.11 Checkpoints in the AIV Programme 57117.12 Verification Closeout 57217.13 Launch Preparation 57217.14 Conclusion 57318 SMALL SATELLITE ENGINEERING AND APPLICATIONSMartin N. Sweeting and Craig I. Underwood18.1 Introduction 57518.2 Small Satellite Design Philosophy 57918.3 Small Satellite System Design 58018.4 COTS Components in the Space Environment 58318.5 Microsatellite Platforms 58718.6 Minisatellite Platforms 59018.7 Nanosatellite Platforms 59018.8 Affordable Launches for Small Satellites 59218.9 In-Orbit Operations 59418.10 Small Satellite Applications 59718.11 Picosatellites and Recent Advances in Miniaturization 60318.12 Conclusion 60419 PRODUCT ASSURANCEGeoffrey Hall19.1 Introduction 60719.2 Product Assurance in a Project 60919.3 Reliability/Dependability 61319.4 Parts 61819.5 Materials and Processes 62219.6 Product Assurance in Manufacturing, AI&V 62619.7 Safety 63419.8 Product Assurance in Operations 63719.9 Software Product Assurance 63819.10 PA in Technology Developments 64019.11 The Assurance Message 64220 SPACECRAFT SYSTEM ENGINEERINGAdrian R. L. Tatnall, John B. Farrow, Massimo Bandecchi and C. Richard Francis20.1 Introduction 64320.2 System Engineering 64420.3 Concurrent Engineering 65420.4 A Case Study: Cryosat 66720.5 Conclusion 678Index 679

“Summing Up: Recommended.  Upper-division undergraduates through professionals/practitioners.”  (Choice, 1 August 2012)"I highly recommend the fantastic and landmark book Spacecraft Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition edited by Peter Fortescue, Graham Swinerd, and John Stark, to any graduate and undergraduate students, engineering and science faculty members, professional engineers, space scientists, business leaders, and government policy makers who are serious about the design, manufacturing, and implementation of complete spacecraft systems. This book provides not only the basics of fully integrated spacecraft systems, but the advanced knowledge required to implement a complete spectrum of space mission applications as well." (Blog Business World, 19 February 2012)