Soil Microenvironment for Bioremediation and Polymer Production

Inbunden, Engelska, 2019

Av Nazia Jamil, Prasun Kumar, Rida Batool

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Describes harmful elements and their bioremediation techniques for tannery waste, oil spills, wastewater, greenhouse gases, plastic and other wastes.Microenvironmental conditions in soil provide a natural niche for ultra-structures, microbes and microenvironments. The natural biodiversity of these microenvironments is being disturbed by industrialization and the proliferation of urban centers, and synthetic contaminants found in these micro-places are causing stress and instability in the biochemical systems of microbes. The development of new metabolic pathways from intrinsic metabolic cycles facilitate microbial degradation of diverse resistant synthetic compounds present in soil. These are a vital, competent and cost-effective substitute to conventional treatments. Highly developed techniques for bioremediation of these synthetic compounds are increasing and these techniques facilitate the development of a safe environment using renewable biomaterial for removal of toxic heavy metals and xenobiotics.Soil Microenvironment for Bioremediation and Polymer Production consists of 21 chapters by subject matter experts and is divided into four parts: Soil Microenvironment and Biotransformation Mechanisms; Synergistic Effects between Substrates and Microbes; Polyhydroxyalakanoates: Resources, Demands and Sustainability; and Cellulose-Based Biomaterials.This timely and important book highlights Chapters on classical bioremediation approaches and advances in the use of nanoparticles for removal of radioactive wasteDiscusses the production of applied emerging biopolymers using diverse microorganismsProvides the most innovative practices in the field of bioremediationExplores new techniques that will help to improve biopolymer production from bacteriaProvides novel concepts for the most affordable and economic societal benefits.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2019-12-03
Mått10 x 10 x 10 mm
Vikt454 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor420
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781119592051

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Nazia Jamil holds a PhD in genetics from the University of Karachi, Pakistan. Her research as a microbiologist and geneticist centers on investigating the synthesis of biodegradable plastic by indigenous bacteria from renewable sources. She has international and national funded projects from IFS-Sweden and HEC Pakistan to carry out research on biopolymers and antimicrobial compounds. She has authored 60 national and international research papers in peer-reviewed journals. Prasun Kumar is an applied microbiologist and biotechnologist and his main areas of research are microbial biodiversity, bioenergy, and biopolymers. Dr. Prasun holds a PhD in biotechnology from CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India. He has over seven years of experience in applied microbiological research and bioprocessing including over 2 years of post-doctoral research experience at Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea. He made significant contributions while working on valorising lignocellulosic biowastes of cheap raw materials into value-added products including bioenergy, biopolymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates etc. He has more than 27 articles published in various peer-reviewed SCI journals and has authored 1 book. Rida Batool PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Her main research interests are in environmental microbiology/biotechnology with a focus on metal-microbe interaction, wastewater treatment, biosorption and mechanisms of metal resistance. Other aspects of her research involve the isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds of indigenous plant and bacterial origin. She has authored more than 20 national and international journal articles.

Preface xviiPart 1: Soil Microenvironment and Biotransformation Mechanisms 11 Applications of Microorganisms in Agriculture for Nutrients Availability 3Fehmida Fasim and Bushra Uziar1.1 Introduction 31.1.1 Land and Soil Deterioration 41.1.2 Micro-Nutrients Lacks 41.2 Biofertilizers 41.3 Rhizosphere 51.4 Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria 51.4.1 Nitrogen Fixation 61.4.2 Phosphate Solubilization 81.5 Microbial Mechanisms of Phosphate Solubilization 91.5.1 Organic Phosphate 91.5.2 Organic Phosphate Solubilization 101.6 Bacterial and Fungi Coinoculation 111.7 Conclusion 11References 122 Native Soil Bacteria: Potential Agent for Bioremediation 17Ranjan Kumar Mohapatra, Haragobinda Srichandan, Snehasish Mishra and Pankaj Kumar Parhi2.1 Introduction 172.2 Current Soil Pollution Scenario 192.2.1 Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals and Xenobiotic Compounds 192.2.2 Soil Pollution by Extensive Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Practices 202.2.3 Pollution Due to Emerging Pollutants (Wastes from Pharmaceutical and Personal-Care Products) 212.2.4 Soil Pollution by Pathogenic Microorganisms 222.2.5 Soil Pollution Due to Oil and Petroleum Hydrocarbons 232.2.6 Soil Pollution by the Nuclear and Radioactive Wastes 252.2.7 Soil Pollution by Military Activities and Warfare 262.3 Effects of Soil Pollution 262.3.1 Effects of Soil Pollution on Plants 262.3.2 Effects of Soil Pollution on Human Health 262.4 Diversity of Soil Bacteria from Contaminated Sites 272.5 Bioremediation of Toxic Pollutants 272.6 Bioremediation Mechanisms 272.7 Factors Affecting Bioremediation/Biosorption Process 292.8 Microbial Bioremediation Approaches 302.8.1 In Situ Bioremediation 302.8.2 Ex Situ Bioremediation 302.9 Conclusion and Future Prospective 30Acknowledgements 30References 313 Bacterial Mediated Remediation: A Strategy to Combat Pesticide Residues In Agricultural Soil 35Atia Iqbal3.1 Introduction 353.2 Effects of Pesticides 363.3 Pesticide Degradation 373.4 Bacterial Mediated Biodegradation of Various Pesticides 383.4.1 Organophosphate Pesticides Degrading Bacteria 383.4.2 Methyl Parathion Mineralizing Bacteria (MP) 393.4.3 Mesotrione Degrading Bacteria 393.4.4 Aromatic Hydrocarbons Biodegradation 393.4.5 Bispyribac Sodium (BS) Degrading Bacteria 403.4.6 Carbamates (CRBs) Degradation 403.4.7 Propanil Degradation 403.4.8 Atrazine Degradation 403.4.9 Phenanthrene Degradation 403.4.10 Imidacloprid Degradation 413.4.11 Endusulfan Degradation 413.4.12 DDT 423.5 Conclusion 42References 494 Study of Plant Microbial Interaction in Formation of Cheese Production: A Vegan’s Delight 55Sundaresan Bhavaniramya, Ramar Vanajothi, Selvaraju Vishnupriya and Dharmar Baskaran4.1 Introduction 554.2 Cheese Concern – Vegan’s Delight 574.3 Microorganism Interaction Pattern 574.4 Types of Microorganism Involved in Cheese Production 574.5 Lactic Acid Role in Fermentation 594.6 Microorganism Involved in Lactic Acid Fermentation 594.7 Streptococcus 604.8 Propionibacterium 604.9 Leuconostoc 604.10 Microorganisms in Flavor Development 614.11 Flavor Production 634.12 Enzymes Interaction during Ripening of Cheese 634.13 Pathways Involved in Cheese Ripening 644.14 Microbes of Interest in Flavor Formation 664.15 Structure of Flavored Compound in Cheese 674.16 Plant-Based Cheese Analogues 674.17 Plant-Based Proteins 684.18 Aspartic Protease 694.19 Cysteine Protease 694.20 Plant-Based Milk Alternatives 694.21 Types of Vegan Cheese 704.22 Future Scope and Conclusion 71Acknowledgment 71References 715 Microbial Remediation of Pesticide Polluted Soils 75César Quintela and Cristiano Varrone5.1 Introduction 755.2 Types of Pesticides 775.3 Fate of Pesticides in the Environment 815.3.1 Factors Affecting Pesticide Fate 815.3.2 Pesticides Degradation 845.3.3 Pesticide Remediation 855.4 Screening for Pesticide Degrading Microorganisms 855.4.1 Case Study 865.5 Designing Pesticide Degrading Consortia 875.5.1 Case Study 885.6 Challenges to be Addressed and Future Perspectives 88References 906 Eco-Friendly and Economical Method for Detoxification of Pesticides by Microbes 95Anjani Kumar Upadhyay, Abhik Mojumdar, Vishakha Raina and Lopamudra Ray6.1 Introduction 956.2 Classification of Pesticides 966.3 Fate of Pesticide in Soil 966.3.1 Transport of Pesticides in the Environment 966.3.2 Interaction of Pesticides with Soil 986.4 Microbial and Phytoremediation of Pesticides 996.4.1 Biodegradation and Bioremediation 996.4.2 Microbial Remediation of Pesticides 1026.4.3 Phytoremediation of Pesticides 1036.4.4 Strategies to Enhance the Efficiency of Bioremediation 1036.4.5 Metabolic Aspects of Pesticides Bioremediation 1056.5 Effects on Human and Environment 1066.6 Advancement in Pesticide Bioremediation 1076.7 Limitations of Bioremediation 1076.8 Future Perspectives 108Acknowledgement 108References 108Part 2: Synergistic Effects Between Substrates and Microbes 1157 Bioleaching: A Bioremediation Process to Treat Hazardous Wastes 117Haragobinda Srichandan, Ranjan K. Mohapatra, Pankaj K. Parhi and Snehasish Mishra7.1 Introduction 1177.2 Microbes in Bioleaching 1187.2.1 Bacteria 1187.2.2 Fungi 1197.3 Acidophilic Bioleaching 1197.3.1 Contact (Direct) Mechanism 1197.3.2 Non-Contact (Indirect) Mechanism 1207.4 Metal Removal Pathways 1207.4.1 Thiosulphate Pathway 1207.4.2 Polysulphide Pathway 1217.5 Fungal Bioleaching 1227.6 Various Hazardous Wastes 1227.6.1 Electronic Wastes (E-Wastes) 1237.6.2 Spent Petroleum Catalyst 1237.6.3 Sludge 1237.6.4 Slag 1237.7 Applications of Bioleaching Approach to Various Hazardous Wastes 1237.7.1 Bioleaching of Electronic Wastes 1247.7.2 Bioleaching of Spent Catalyst 1247.7.3 Bioleaching of Sludge (Containing Heavy or Toxic metals) 1257.7.4 Bioleaching of Slag 1257.8 Conclusion 126Acknowledgements 126References 1268 Microbial Bioremediation of Azo Dyes in Textile Industry Effluent: A Review on Bioreactor-Based Studies 131Shweta Agrawal, Devayani Tipre and Shailesh Dave8.1 Introduction 1318.2 Microorganism Involved in Dye Bioremediation 1328.2.1 Bacterial Remediation of Dyes 1328.2.2 Mycoremediation 1358.2.3 Phycoremediation 1358.2.4 Consortial (Co-Culture) Dye Bioremediation 1358.3 Mechanism of Dye Biodegradation 1398.3.1 Anaerobic Azo Dye Reduction 1398.3.2 Aerobic Oxidation of Aromatic Amines 1408.3.3 Combined Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Azo Dyes 1418.4 Reactor Design for Dye Bioremediation 1418.4.1 Anaerobic Reactors 1428.4.2 Aerobic Reactors 1548.4.3 Combined (Integrated/Sequential) Bioreactor 1578.4.4 Combinatorial Approaches 1628.5 Limitations and Future Prospects 1638.6 Conclusions 163References 1649 Antibiofilm Property of Biosurfactant Produced by Nesterenkonia sp. MCCB 225 Against Shrimp Pathogen, Vibrio harveyi 173Gopalakrishnan Menon, Issac Sarojini Bright Singh, Prasannan Geetha Preena and Sumitra Datta9.1 Introduction 1739.2 Materials and Methods 1749.2.1 Isolation, Screening and Identification of Bacteria 1749.2.2 Biofilm Disruption Studies 1759.3 Results and Discussion 1759.3.1 Bacterial Identification 1759.3.2 Biofilm Disruption Studies 1759.4 Conclusion 178Acknowledgements 178References 17810 Role of Cr (VI) Resistant Bacillus megaterium in Phytoremediation 181Rabia Faryad Khan and Rida Batool10.1 Introduction 18110.2 Materials and Methods 18310.2.1 Isolation and Characterization of Chromate Resistant Bacteria 18310.2.2 Determination of MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of Chromate 18310.2.3 Ribo-Typing of Bacterial Isolate rCrI 18310.2.4 Estimation of Chromate Reduction Potential 18310.2.5 Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Profiling 18310.2.6 Growth Curve Studies 18410.2.7 Chromium Uptake Estimation 18510.2.8 Statistical Analysis 18510.3 Results 18510.3.1 Isolation and Characterization of Cr(VI) Resistant Bacterial Isolates 18510.3.2 Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Profiling 18610.3.3 Estimation of Cr(VI) Reduction Potential 18610.3.4 Ribo-Typing of Bacterial Isolate 18610.3.5 Growth Curve Studies 18610.3.6 Plant Microbe Interaction Studies Under Laboratory Conditions 18710.3.7 Biochemical Parameters 18810.3.8 Plant Microbe Interaction Studies Under Field Conditions 19010.3.8.4 Number of Roots 19010.3.9 Biochemical Parameters 19010.4 Discussion 19110.5 Conclusion 193Acknowledgment 193References 19311 Conjugate Magnetic Nanoparticles and Microbial Remediation, a Genuine Technology to Remediate Radioactive Waste 197Bushra Uzair, Anum Shaukat, Fehmida Fasim, Sadaf Maqbool11.1 Introduction 19711.2 Use of Magnetic Nanoparticles Conjugates 19911.2.1 Potential Benefits 19911.2.2 Synthesis and Application 20011.2.3 Factors Affecting Sorption 20011.2.4 Limitations 20311.3 Microbial Communities 20311.3.1 Fungi as Radio-Nuclides Remade 20311.3.2 Immobilization of Radionuclide Through Enzymatic Reduction 20411.3.3 Immobilization Through Non-Enzymatic Reduction 20411.3.4 Bio-Sorption of Radio-Nuclides 20511.3.5 Biostimulation 20611.3.6 Genetically Modified Microbes 20611.3.7 Constraints 20711.4 Conclusion 207References 208Part 3: Polyhydroxyalakanoates: Resources, Demands and Sustainability 21312 Microbial Degradation of Plastics: New Plastic Degraders, Mixed Cultures and Engineering Strategies 215Samantha Jenkins, Alba Martínez i Quer, César Fonseca and Cristiano Varrone12.1 Introduction 21512.2 Plastics 21612.2.1 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 21712.2.2 Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) 21712.3 Plastic Disposal, Reuse and Recycling 21812.4 Plastic Biodegradation 21912.4.1 Plastic-Degrading Microorganisms and Enzymes 22112.4.2 Biofilms and Plastic Biodegradation 22412.4.3 Boosting Plastic Biodegradation by Physical and Chemical Processes 22512.4.4 Pathway and Protein Engineering for Enhanced Plastic Biodegradation 22612.4.5 Designing Plastic Degrading Consortia 22912.5 Analytical Techniques to Study Plastic Degradation 23012.6 Future Perspectives 232References 23313 Fatty acids as Novel Building-Blocks for Biomaterial Synthesis 239Prasun Kumar13.1 Introduction 23913.2 Polyurethane (PUs) 24113.3 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) 24313.4 Other Functional Attributes 24613.4.1 Biosurfactants 24613.4.2 Antibacterials and Biocontrol Agents 24613.5 Future Perspectives 249References 24914 Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Resources, Demands and Sustainability 253Binita Bhattacharyya, Himadri Tanaya Behera, Abhik Mojumdar, Vishakha Raina and Lopamudra Ray14.1 Introduction 25314.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates 25514.2.1 Properties of PHAs 25814.2.2 Production of PHA 26114.2.3 PHA Biosynthesis in Natural Isolates 26114.2.4 Production of PHA by Digestion of Biological Wastes 26214.2.5 PHA Production by Recombinant Bacteria 26214..2.6 Production of PHA by Genetically Engineered Plants 26414.2.7 PHA Production by Methylotrophs 26414.2.8 PHA Production Using Waste Vegetable Oil by Pseudomonas sp. Strain DR2 26414.2.9 Mass Production of PHA 26514.3 Applications of PHA 26614.4 Future Prospects 267References 26715 Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesis by Bacillus aryabhattai C48 Isolated from Cassava Dumpsites in South-Western, Nigeria 271Fadipe Temitope O., Nazia Jamil and Lawal Adekunle K.15.1 Introduction 27115.2 Materials and Methods 27215.2.1 Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Characterisation 27215.2.2 Detection of PHA Production 27315.2.3 Evaluation of PHA Production 27315.2.4 Extraction of PHA 27315.2.5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Extracted PHA 27415.2.6 Amplification of PhaC and PhaR Genes of Bacillus aryabhattai C48 27415.3 Results and Discussion 27415.4 Conclusion 280Acknowledgements 280References 280Part 4: Cellulose-Based Biomaterials: Benefits and Challenges 28316 Cellulose Nanocrystals-Based Composites 285Teboho Clement Mokhena, Maya Jacob John, Mokgaotsa Jonas Mochane, Asanda Mtibe, Teboho Simon Motsoeneng, Thabang Hendrica Mokhothu and Cyrus Alushavhiwi Tshifularo16.1 Introduction 28516.2 Classification of Polymers 28616.3 Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals Composites 28616.3.1 Solution Casting 28716.3.2 Three Dimensional Printing (3D-Printing) 29216.3.3 Electrospinning 29416.3.4 Other Processing Techniques 29416.4 Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Biopolymers 29416.4.1 Starch 29416.4.2 Alginate 29516.4.3 Chitosan 29616.4.4 Cellulose 29716.4.5 Other Biopolymers 29816.5 Hybrids 29816.6 Conclusion and Future Trends 300Acknowledgements 300References 30017 Progress on Production of Cellulose from Bacteria 307Tladi Gideon Mofokeng, Mokgaotsa Jonas Mochane, Vincent Ojijo, Suprakas Sinha Ray and Teboho Clement Mokhena17.1 Introduction 30717.2 Production of Microbial Cellulose (MC) 30817.3 Applications of Microbial Cellulose (MC) 31217.3.1 Skin Therapy and Wound Healing System 31317.3.2 Scaffolds for Artificial Cornea 31417.3.3 Cardiovascular Implants 315Future Perspective 315References 31618 Recent Developments of Cellulose-Based Biomaterials 319Asanda Mtibe, Teboho Clement Mokhena, Thabang Hendrica Mokhothu and Mokgaotsa Jonas Mochane18.1 Introduction 31918.2 Extraction of Cellulose Fibers 32018.3 Nanocellulose 32418.4 Surface Modification 32718.4.1 Alkali Treatment (Mercerization) 32718.4.2 Silane Treatment 32818.4.3 Acetylation 32818.5 Cellulose-Based Biomaterials 32918.5.1 Cellulose-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering 32918.5.2 Cellulose-Based Biomaterials for Drug Delivery 33118.5.3 Cellulose-Based Biomaterials for Wound Dressing 33218.6 Summary and Future Prospect of Cellulose-Based Biomaterials 333Reference 33419 Insights of Bacterial Cellulose: Bio and Nano-Polymer Composites Towards Industrial Application 339Vishnupriya Selvaraju, Bhavaniramya Sundaresan, Baskaran Dharmar19.1 Introduction 33919.1.1 Nanocellulose 34019.2 Bacterial Cellulose 34319.2.1 Bacterial Strains Producing Cellulose 34319.2.2 Different Methods of Bacterial Cellulose Production 34419.3 Nanocomposites 34619.3.1 Bio-Nanocomposite-Based on CNF 34619.3.2 Bio-Nanocomposite-Based on CNC 34619.3.3 Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites 34619.4 Methods of Synthesis of Bacterial Cellulose Composites 34719.5 Combination of Bacterial Cellulose with Other Materials 34919.5.1 Polymer 34919.5.2 Metals and Solid Materials 35019.6 Industrial Applications of Bacterial Cellulose Composites 35019.6.1 Biomedical Applications 35019.6.2 Food Application 35119.6.3 Electrical Industry 35119.7 Future Scope and Conclusion 352Acknowledgement 352References 35220 Biodegradable Polymers Reinforced with Lignin and Lignocellulosic Materials 357M.A. Sibeko, V.C. Agbakoba, T.C. Mokhena, P.S. Hlangothi20.1 Introduction 35720.2 Biodegradable Polymers 35820.2.1 Natural Polymers 35920.2.2 Biodegradable Polyesters 36020.2.3 Biodegradation 36220.3 Biodegradable Fillers 36220.3.1 Plant Fibers as Biodegradable Fillers 36320.3.2 Cellulose as Biodegradable Fillers 36420.3.3 Lignin as Biodegradable Fillers 36420.4 Properties of Different Biopolymers Reinforced with Lignin 36520.4.1 Surface Morphology 36520.4.2 Mechanical Properties 36620.4.3 Thermal Properties 36820.5 Applications of Bio-Nanocomposites 369Concluding Remarks 369Acknowledgements 370References 37021 Structure and Properties of Lignin-Based Biopolymers in Polymer Production 375Teboho Simon Motsoeneng, Mokgaotsa Jonas Mochane, Teboho Clement Mokhena and Maya Jacob John21.1 Introduction 37521.2 An Insight on the Biopolymers 37621.2.1 Natural Lignin Biopolymer 37721.2.2 Drawbacks of Lignin Biopolymer 37821.3 Extraction and Post-Treatment of Lignin Biomaterial 37821.3.1 Extraction Methods and their Effect on the Recovery and Functionality 37921.3.2 Modification of Lignin Functional Groups 38121.3.3 Preparation of Lignin-Based Biopolymers Blends (LBBs) 38321.4 Characterization Methods and Validation of Lignin-Biopolymers 38621.4.1 Chemical Interaction Between Lignin and Synthetic Polymers 38621.4.2 Morphology-Property Relationship of the LBB 38721.5 Indispensability of LBB on the Chemical Release Control in the Environment 38821.6 Conclusion and Future Remarks 388References 389Index 393