Software Defined Mobile Networks (SDMN)

Mr Madhusanka Liyanage, University of Oulu, FinlandMadhusanka Liyanage received the B.Sc. degree in electronics and telecommunication engineering from the University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, in 2009, the M.Eng. degree from the Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, in 2011 and the M.Sc. degree from University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France in 2011. Professor Andrei Gurtov, Aalto University, FinlandAndrei Gurtov received his M.Sc (2000) and Ph.D. (2004) degrees in Computer Science from the University of Helsinki, Finland. He is presently a visiting scholar at the International Computer Science Institute (ICSI), Berkeley. He was a Professor at University of Oulu in the area of Wireless Internet in 2010-12. He is also a Principal Scientist leading the Networking Research group at the Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT. Professor?Mika Ylianttila, University of Oulu, FinlandMika Ylianttila received his Doctoral Degree on Communications Engineering at the University of Oulu in 2005. He has worked as a researcher and professor at the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering. He is the director of the Center for Internet Excellence (CIE) research and innovation unit. He is also docent at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering.

• Editors xvContributors xviiForeword xxviiUlf EwaldssonForeword xxixLauri OksanenPreface xxxiAcknowledgments xxxviiAbbreviations xxxixPart I Introduction1 Overview 3Madhusanka Liyanage, Mika Ylianttila, and Andrei Gurtov1.1 Present Mobile Networks and Their Limitations 41.2 Software Defined Mobile Network 51.3 Key Benefits of SDMN 71.4 Conclusion 9References 92 Mobile Network History 11Brian Brown, Rob Gonzalez, and Brian Stanford2.1 Overview 112.2 The Evolution of the Mobile Network 122.2.1 Sharing Resources 132.2.2 Orchestration 142.2.3 Scalability 152.3 Limitations and Challenges in Current Mobile Networks 152.4 Requirement in Future Mobile Networks 18Reference 193 Software Defined Networking Concepts 21Xenofon Foukas, Mahesh K. Marina, and Kimon Kontovasilis3.1 Introduction 213.2 SDN History and Evolution 233.2.1 Early History of Programmable Networks 233.2.2 Evolution of Programmable Networks to SDN 253.3 SDN Paradigm and Applications 283.3.1 Overview of SDN Building Blocks 283.3.2 SDN Switches 303.3.3 SDN Controllers 313.3.4 SDN Programming Interfaces 343.3.5 SDN Application Domains 373.3.6 Relation of SDN to Network Virtualization and Network Function Virtualization 383.4 Impact of SDN to Research and Industry 393.4.1 Overview of Standardization Activities and SDN Summits 403.4.2 SDN in the Industry 413.4.3 Future of SDN 41References 424 Wireless Software Defined Networking 45Claude Chaudet and Yoram Haddad4.1 Introduction 454.2 SDN for Wireless 474.2.1 Implementations: OpenRoads and OpenRadio 494.2.2 SDR versus SDN 504.3 Related Works 504.4 Wireless SDN Opportunities 514.4.1 Multinetwork Planning 514.4.2 Handovers and Off]Loading 534.4.3 Dead Zone Coverage 554.4.4 Security 554.4.5 CDN and Caching 564.5 Wireless SDN Challenges 564.5.1 Slice Isolation 564.5.2 Topology Discovery and Topology]Related Problems 564.5.3 Resource Evaluation and Reporting 574.5.4 User and Operator Preferences 574.5.5 Nontechnical Aspects (Governance, Regulation, Etc.) 584.6 Conclusion 59References 595 Leveraging SDN for the 5G Networks: Trends, Prospects, and Challenges 61Akram Hakiri and Pascal Berthou5.1 Introduction 615.2 Evolution of the Wireless Communication toward the 5G 625.2.1 Evolution of the Wireless World 625.3 Software Defined Networks 645.4 NFV 655.5 Information]Centric Networking 675.6 Mobile and Wireless Networks 685.6.1 Mobility Management 685.6.2 Ubiquitous Connectivity 695.6.3 Mobile Clouds 705.7 Cooperative Cellular Networks 715.8 Unification of the Control Plane 735.8.1 Bringing Fixed–Mobile Networking Together 735.8.2 Creating a Concerted Convergence of Packet–Optical Networks 745.9 Supporting Automatic QoS Provisioning 755.10 Cognitive Network Management and Operation 765.11 Role of Satellites in the 5G Networks 775.12 Conclusion 79References 79Part II SDMN Architectures and Network Implementation6 LTE Architecture Integration with SDN 83Jose Costa]Requena, Raimo Kantola, Jesús Llorente Santos, Vicent Ferrer Guasch, Maël Kimmerlin, Antti Mikola and Jukka Manner6.1 Overview 836.2 Restructuring Mobile Networks to SDN 846.2.1 LTE Network: A Starting Point 846.2.2 Options for Location of the SDMN Controller 866.2.3 Vision of SDN in LTE Networks 886.3 Mobile Backhaul Scaling 916.4 Security and Distributed FW 956.4.1 Customer Edge Switching 976.4.2 RG 976.5 SDN and LTE Integration Benefits 986.6 SDN and LTE Integration Benefits for End Users 1006.7 Related Work and Research Questions 1036.7.1 Research Problems 1046.7.2 Impact 1046.8 Conclusions 104References 1057 EPC in the Cloud 107James Kempf and Kumar Balachandran7.1 Introduction 1077.1.1 Origins and Evolution of SDN 1087.1.2 NFV and Its Application 1097.1.3 SDN and Cross]Domain Service Development 1127.2 EPC in the Cloud Version 1.0 1157.3 EPC in the Cloud Version 2.0? 1177.3.1 UE Multihoming 1177.3.2 The EPC on SDN: OpenFlow Example 1197.4 Incorporating Mobile Services into Cross]Domain Orchestration with SP]SDN 1237.5 Summary and Conclusions 125References 1268 The Controller Placement Problem in Software Defined Mobile Networks (SDMN) 129Hakan Selvi, Selcan Güner, Gürkan Gür, and Fatih Alagöz8.1 Introduction 1298.2 SDN and Mobile Networks 1308.3 Performance Objectives for SDMN Controller Placement 1328.3.1 Scalability 1338.3.2 Reliability 1338.3.3 Latency 1348.3.4 Resilience 1358.4 CPP 1368.4.1 Placement of Controllers 1378.4.2 Number of Required Controllers 1438.4.3 CPP and Mobile Networks 1458.5 Conclusion 146References 1479 Technology Evolution in Mobile Networks 149Antti Tolonen and Sakari Luukkainen9.1 Introduction 1499.2 Generic Technology Evolution 1509.3 Study Framework 1529.4 Overview on Cloud Computing 1539.5 Example Platform: OpenStack 1549.5.1 OpenStack Design and Architecture 1559.5.2 OpenStack Community 1569.6 Case Analysis 1569.6.1 Openness 1579.6.2 Added Value 1579.6.3 Experimentation 1589.6.4 Complementary Technologies 1589.6.5 Incumbent Role 1599.6.6 Existing Market Leverage 1609.6.7 Competence Change 1609.6.8 Competing Technologies 1609.6.9 System Architecture Evolution 1619.6.10 Regulation 1619.7 Discussion 1629.8 Summary 164Acknowledgments 165References 165Part III Traffic Transport and Network Management10 Mobile Network Function and Service Delivery Virtualization and Orchestration 169Peter Bosch, Alessandro Duminuco, Jeff Napper, Louis (Sam) Samuel, and Paul Polakos10.1 Introduction 16910.2 NFV 17010.2.1 The Functionality of the Architecture 17010.2.2 Operation of the ETSI NFV System 17410.2.3 Potential Migration and Deployment Paths 17710.2.4 NFV Summary 18210.3 SDN 18210.4 The Mobility Use Case 18310.5 Virtual Networking in Data Centers 18510.6 Summary 186References 18611 Survey of Traffic Management in Software Defined Mobile Networks 189Zoltán Faigl and László Bokor11.1 Overview 18911.2 Traffic Management in Mobile Networks 19011.3 QoS Enforcement and Policy Control in 3G/4G Networks 19111.3.1 QoS for EPS Bearers 19311.3.2 QoS for Non]3GPP Access 19511.3.3 QoS Enforcement in EPS 19511.3.4 Policy and Charging Control in 3GPP 19511.3.5 Policy Control Architecture 19611.4 Traffic Management in SDMNs 19811.4.1 Open Networking Foundation 19811.4.2 The OF Protocol 19911.4.3 Traffic Management and Offloading in Mobile Networks 20011.5 ALTO in SDMNs 20111.5.1 The ALTO Protocol 20211.5.2 ALTO–SDN Use Case 20211.5.3 The ALTO–SDN Architecture 20411.5.4 Dynamic Network Information Provision 20511.6 Conclusions 206References 20612 Software Defined Networks for Mobile Application Services 209Ram Gopal Lakshmi Narayanan12.1 Overview 20912.2 Overview of 3GPP Network Architecture 21012.3 Wireless Network Architecture Evolution toward NFV and SDN 21212.3.1 NFV in Packet Core 21212.3.2 SDN in Packet Core 21312.4 NFV/SDN Service Chaining 21512.4.1 Service Chaining at Packet Core 21512.4.2 Traffic Optimization inside Mobile Networks 21712.4.3 Metadata Export from RAN to Packet CN 22112.5 Open Research and Further Study 222References 22313 Load Balancing in Software Defined Mobile Networks 225Ijaz Ahmad, Suneth Namal Karunarathna, Mika Ylianttila, and Andrei Gurtov13.1 Introduction 22513.1.1 Load Balancing in Wireless Networks 22613.1.2 Mobility Load Balancing 22713.1.3 Traffic Steering 22713.1.4 Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Networks 22713.1.5 Shortcomings in Current Load Balancing Technologies 22713.2 Load Balancing in SDMN 22913.2.1 The Need of Load Balancing in SDMN 23013.2.2 SDN]Enabled Load Balancing 23313.3 Future Directions and Challenges for Load Balancing Technologies 244References 244Part IV Res ource and Mobility Management14 QoE Management Framework for Internet Services in SDN]Enabled Mobile Networks 249Marcus Eckert and Thomas Martin Knoll14.1 Overview 24914.2 Introduction 25014.3 State of the Art 25114.4 QoE Framework Architecture 25214.5 Quality Monitoring 25414.5.1 Flow Detection and Classification 25414.5.2 Video Quality Measurement 25514.5.3 Video Quality Rating 25514.5.4 Method of Validation 25714.5.5 Location]Aware Monitoring 25914.6 Quality Rules 25914.7 QoE Enforcement (QEN) 26014.8 Demonstrator 26114.9 Summary 263References 26415 Software Defined Mobility Management for Mobile Internet 265Jun Bi and You Wang15.1 Chapter Overview 26515.1.1 Mobility Management in the Internet 26515.1.2 Integrating Internet Mobility Management and SDN 26715.1.3 Chapter Organization 26715.2 Internet Mobility and Problem Statement 26815.2.1 Internet Mobility Overview 26815.2.2 Problem Statement 27115.2.3 Mobility Management Based on SDN 27315.3 Software Defined Internet Mobility Management 27415.3.1 Architecture Overview 27415.3.2 An OpenFlow]Based Instantiation 27515.3.3 Binding Cache Placement Algorithm 27715.3.4 System Design 28115.4 Conclusion 285References 28516 Mobile Virtual Network Operators: A Software Defined Mobile Network Perspective 289M. Bala Krishna16.1 Introduction 28916.1.1 Features of MVNO 29116.1.2 Functional Aspects of MVNO 29216.1.3 Challenges of MVNO 29316.2 Architecture of MVNO: An SDMN Perspective 29416.2.1 Types of MVNOs 29416.2.2 Hierarchical MVNOs 29416.3 MNO, MVNE, and MVNA Interactions with MVNO 29616.3.1 Potential Business Strategies between MNOs, MVNEs, and MVNOs 29916.3.2 Performance Gain with SDN Approach 30016.3.3 Cooperation between MNOs and MVNOs 30016.3.4 Flexible Business Models for Heterogeneous Environments 30116.4 MVNO Developments in 3G, 4G, and LTE 30316.4.1 MVNO User]Centric Strategies for Mobility Support 30316.4.2 Management Schemes for Multiple Interfaces 30416.4.3 Enhancing Business Strategies Using SDN Approach 30416.5 Cognitive MVNO 30516.5.1 Cognitive Radio Management in MVNOs 30516.5.2 Cognitive and SDN]Based Spectral Allocation Strategies in MVNO 30616.6 MVNO Business Strategies 30716.6.1 Services and Pricing of MVNO 30816.6.2 Resource Negotiation and Pricing 30916.6.3 Pushover Cellular and Service Adoption Strategy 30916.6.4 Business Relations between the MNO and MVNO 31016.7 Conclusions 31016.8 Future Directions 311References 311Part V Security and Economic Aspects17 Software Defined Mobile Network Security 317Ahmed Bux Abro17.1 Introduction 31717.2 Evolving Threat Landscape for Mobile Networks 31817.3 Traditional Ways to Cope with SecurityThreats in Mobile Networks 31817.3.1 Introducing New Controls 31817.3.2 Securing Perimeter 31917.3.3 Building Complex Security Systems 32017.3.4 Throwing More Bandwidth 32017.4 Principles of Adequate Security for Mobile Network 32017.4.1 Confidentiality 32117.4.2 Integrity 32117.4.3 Availability 32117.4.4 Centralized Policy 32117.4.5 Visibility 32217.5 Typical Security Architecture for Mobile Networks 32217.5.1 Pros 32317.5.2 Cons 32517.6 Enhanced Security for SDMN 32517.6.1 Securing SDN Controller 32517.6.2 Securing Infrastructure/Data Center 32517.6.3 Application Security 32617.6.4 Securing Management and Orchestration 32617.6.5 Securing API and Communication 32617.6.6 Security Technologies 32617.7 SDMN Security Applications 32717.7.1 Encryption: eNB to Network 32717.7.2 Segmentation 32717.7.3 Network Telemetry 329References 32918 Security Aspects of SDMN 331Edgardo Montes de Oca and Wissam Mallouli18.1 Overview 33118.2 State of the Art and Security Challenges in SDMN Architectures 33118.2.1 Basics 33218.2.2 LTE]EPC Security State of the Art 33218.2.3 SDN Security in LTE]EPC State of the Art 33418.2.4 Related Work 33918.3 Monitoring Techniques 34418.3.1 DPI 34718.3.2 NIDS 34818.3.3 Software Defined Monitoring 34918.4 Other Important Aspects 35118.4.1 Reaction and Mitigation Techniques 35118.4.2 Economically Viable Security Techniques for Mobile Networks 35218.4.3 Secure Mobile Network Services and Security Management 35318.5 Conclusion 354References 35519 SDMN: Industry Architecture Evolution Paths 357Nan Zhang, Tapio Levä, and Heikki Hämmäinen19.1 Introduction 35719.2 From Current Mobile Networks to SDMN 35819.2.1 Current Mobile Network Architecture 35819.2.2 Evolutionary SDMN Architecture 35919.2.3 Revolutionary SDMN Architecture 36119.3 Business Roles of SDMN 36219.4 Industry Architectures of Evolutionary SDMN 36419.4.1 Monolithic MNO 36419.4.2 Outsourced Subscriber Management 36619.4.3 Outsourced Connectivity 36819.5 Industry Architectures of Revolutionary SDMN 36919.5.1 MVNO 36919.5.2 Outsourced Interconnection 37019.5.3 Outsourced Mobility Management 37219.6 Discussion 372References 374Index 000