Socioecosystems

Patrick Giraudoux is Emeritus Professor of Ecology at the University Burgundy Franche-Comte, Besancon, France, and Distinguished Professor at the Yunnan University of Finance and Economics in China. He has founded and directed several research units, multidisciplinary research master's programs and the Zone atelier Arc Jurassien, a long-term socioecosystem research site of the CNRS.

• Foreword: The Knowledge Community at the Service of Communities xiArnaud MACÉPreface xixPatrick GIRAUDOUXChapter 1. Agricultural Changes and Population Outbreaks of Grassland Voles 1Patrick GIRAUDOUX1.1. Introduction 21.2. The European Common Agricultural Policy and its national implementation, voles and their predators 41.2.1. Establishment of practices and landscape 41.2.2. Which measurement tools for which observations? 61.2.3. Landscapes and practices 71.2.4. Synchronies 101.2.5. Predation 121.2.6. Bacteria and other vole parasites 161.3. Controlling outbreaks and their consequences: from correlations to action 181.3.1. Rodenticide treatments as a quasi-experiment 181.3.2. The toolkit 201.3.3. Anthropology to the rescue of the application 251.3.4. The status and contribution of models 281.3.5. Conceptual models 281.3.6. Quantitative models 301.3.7. Toward new questions 331.4. What methodological lessons can be drawn from this experience? 351.5. Acknowledgments 431.6. References 43Chapter 2. The Pollution of a River: A Sociological Investigation of Knowledge and Expertise 51Simon CALLA2.1. Introduction 512.2. Different types of knowledge to qualify the situation 552.2.1. At the water’s edge, indexical knowledge 552.2.2. In the laboratories, scientific knowledge 602.2.3. In the administrations, legal knowledge 652.3. Several groups of scientists investigating the same situation 702.3.1. The construction of the content of expert reports 702.3.2. The cohabitation of two groups of experts 732.3.3. River advocates and experts 762.4. Conclusion 812.5. References 83Chapter 3. Farm Environment, Raw Milk and Immunity: A "Field" Study of Tolerance Learning 87Dominique Angèle VUITTON, Jean-Jacques LAPLANTE and Amandine DIVARET-CHAUVEAU3.1. Introduction: from farm disease to farm protection, a rural environmental story 883.2. Atopic allergic diseases: multifactorial, multidisciplinary and, paradoxically, not very rural 903.3. The increasing prevalence of atopic allergic diseases in the population of developed countries: an enigma of the second half of the 20th century 923.4. The role of the farm environment in protecting children from atopic allergic diseases 963.4.1. Observations from cross-sectional epidemiological studies 963.4.2. Farm life: a protective factor against the occurrence of allergic diseases? 983.5. Setting up the PASTURE cohort in Germany, Austria, Finland, Switzerland and Franche-Comté 1023.5.1. Protection against allergic diseases by the farm environment: a confirmation 1073.5.2. Exposure to animals and the farm microbial ecosystem 1083.5.3. Consumption of raw milk and dairy products and exposure to the microbial ecosystem of raw milk 1123.5.4. Dietary diversification in the first year of life and cheese consumption 1163.6. At the crossroads: assessment and avenues still to be explored by the PASTURE cohort 1173.6.1. The scientific achievements of nearly 20 years of the PASTURE adventure 1183.6.2. Intestinal microbiota: the missing link? First results from the PASTURE study 1193.6.3. Debates on the "benefit-risk" ratio and the possible contribution of the human and social sciences 1203.7. Acknowledgments 1253.8. References 126Chapter 4. Ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis Transmission 137Patrick GIRAUDOUX, Dominique Angèle VUITTON and Philip Simon CRAIG4.1. Introduction 1384.2. The Jura transmission system 1404.2.1. Seasonality and microfoci in rodents 1404.2.2. Vole outbreaks and distribution of human cases 1424.2.3. Infection in definitive hosts 1434.2.4. Conclusion 1454.3. Ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis transmission in China and Kyrgyzstan 1464.3.1. The background 1464.3.2. Transmission and biodiversity on a continental scale 1484.3.3. The Tibetan plateau 1504.4. The mountains of southern Gansu and Ningxia 1554.4.1. Gansu 1554.4.2. Ningxia 1624.5. Alpine meadows from Altai to Pamir 1644.6. Conclusion 1654.7. Acknowledgment 1724.8. References 172Chapter 5. "Indigenous" Views of the Disease and Risks Associated with Alveolar Echinococcosis 181Dominique JACQUES-JOUVENOT5.1. Introduction 1815.2. Building scientific cooperation 1845.3. Collaborating: working with others 1865.4. Indigenous visions of social reality 1895.5. Lessons learned allow us to think differently about prevention 1925.6. Proximity to a sick person reinforces preventive behavior 1955.7. References 198Chapter 6. Conservation of the Black-and-White Snub-nosed Monkey 201Eve AFONSO, Cécile CALLOU, Céline CLAUZEL, Patrick GIRAUDOUX and Li LI6.1. Introduction 2016.2. Historical context and issues 2026.3. Habitat connectivity and population genetics 2076.4. In search of lost place names 2136.5. Animal tourism: what are the consequences for the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey? 2196.5.1. Ecotourism feeding sites: ready-to-see animals 2206.5.2. Ecotourism in Xiangguqing: what are the consequences for the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey? 2216.5.3. Genetic consequences of human intervention 2236.5.4. Feeding sites: hotspots of parasitic transmission? 2266.6. References 230Chapter 7. Cholera in Africa, from Fatalism to the Hope of Elimination: The Story of the Revolt Against a Status Quo 235Didier BOMPANGUE7.1. How can we engage in a collective approach to actionresearch in health? 2367.2. The first years of the fight against cholera and the disillusionment of humanitarianism 2417.3. From unpredictable to predictable cholera 2517.3.1. A metapopulation mode of operation linked to the Great Lakes 2557.3.2. Seasonality of cholera epidemics in lake areas 2577.3.3. The role of lake areas in the persistence of cholera epidemics 2607.3.4. Other determinants 2627.3.5. The other face of cholera 2647.4. Toward the elimination of cholera and the discovery of governance issues 2657.5. References 271Conclusion: Cooperation at Work: Sociology of a Scientific Standpoint 273Dominique JACQUES-JOUVENOT and Simon CALLAList of Authors 295Index 297