Smart and Resilient City

Gilles N’Goala is Professor of Management and Marketing at the University of Montpellier, France, and Co-holder of the CitUs International Chair on the uses and practices of the intelligent city.Florence Paulhiac Scherrer is Professor of Urban Studies at ESG UQAM, Canada, and Co-holder of the CitUs International Chair on the uses and practices of the intelligent city.Fabien Durif is Full Professor at ESG UQAM, Canada, and Director of the Observatoire de la consommation responsable and the FCI – GreenUXlab laboratory.

• Preface xiiiGilles N’GOALA, Florence PAULHIAC SCHERRER and Fabien DURIFIntroduction Smart City: Lives in Transition xvGilles N’GOALA, Florence PAULHIAC SCHERRER and Fabien DURIFPart 1 The Smart City: What Transitions? 1Introduction to Part 1 3Florence PAULHIAC SCHERRERChapter 1 Protection 7Inès KOLLI and Philippe COHARD1.1 Introduction: a sustainable and sober city 71.2 Digital city and sober city: reconcilable issues 81.3 A qualitative study for better understanding the development of smart cities in view of sobriety 131.3.1 A techno-centric approach to the smart city 131.3.2 Different visions between experts and citizens of the smart city 141.4 Sustainable and sober city: key points 161.5 Conclusion 171.6 Appendix: profiles of respondents to the qualitative study 181.7 References 19Chapter 2 Including People 23Léa CAUCHARD2.1 Introduction: a digital city for all citizens 232.2 Understanding “digital inequalities”: citizens’ relationship to digital technology 252.2.1 The phenomenon of the digital divide 252.2.2 Differentiation of digital uses 252.2.3 Digital technology, vector of exclusion or vector of inclusion 262.3 Digital inclusion at the level of the smart city: designing digital pathways for all citizens 282.3.1 The inclusion process: action frameworks for urban stakeholders 282.3.2 Inclusive design: theoretical foundations 292.4 Going further in inclusive and digital design: considering citizens’ perceptions 302.5 Conclusion: a new approach to digital inclusion for supporting citizens during the digital transition of the city 332.6 References 34Chapter 3 Co-creating 37Isabelle BORIES-AZEAU and Jessica CLEMENT3.1 Introduction: the smart city, toward a new model of governance 373.2 A proposed framework of analysis 383.2.1 Urban governance: networked governance 383.2.2 Creation of public value, a challenge for participatory democracy 383.3 Methodology 413.4 Results 443.4.1 Amsterdam 443.4.2 Johannesburg 453.4.3 London 463.4.4 Melbourne 473.4.5 Montpellier (Montpellier metropolitan area) 483.4.6 Ottawa 493.5 Conclusion 503.6 References 51Chapter 4 Reassuring 55Audrey PORTES and Gilles N’GOALA4.1 Introduction: a transparent city, from reality to illusion 554.2 Definition of a transparent smart city 574.2.1 Smart city and transparency 574.2.2 Digital transparency at the heart of a new social contract between citizens and decision-makers 604.3 Transparency and trust: the causalities 624.3.1 From transparency to the establishment of a digital society of trust: a complex path 624.3.2 The illusion of transparency: between citizen trust and distrust 644.4 Empowerment of citizens as a condition for true digital transparency 664.4.1 Empowering citizens to act and to control the digital public space 664.4.2 Empowering citizens to understand digital technology in the city 684.4.3 Empowering citizens to act collectively to preserve their privacy and individual freedoms 704.5 Conclusion 724.6 References 73Chapter 5 Involvement 77Julie JAMMES, Gilles N’GOALA and Pauline FOLCHER5.1 Introduction: a socially acceptable innovative city at the service of citizen participation 775.2 The socially acceptable city: toward new registers of legitimacy for innovation 795.2.1 The social acceptability of innovation: making the innovative city a socially acceptable living space 795.2.2 Toward a remediation of controversial technology to reach a social compromise 815.3 The role of communication: a challenge to make the innovative city socially acceptable 835.4 Effectively raising awareness among users about innovation 875.5 References 89Chapter 6 Informing 93Ambre GAMBIN6.1 Introduction: fighting the spread of fake news in the smart city 936.2 A technological environment facilitating the spread of misleading information 946.2.1 The central role of social media in disseminating fake news online 946.2.2 Involvement of automated technologies in the distortion of reality 966.3 Technological innovation in the service of detecting false information 986.3.1 Identifying fake news using artificial intelligence 986.3.2 The importance of content moderation on social media 996.4 Protecting yourself from fake news in the smart city: the need for human resources 1016.4.1 Setting the record straight with fact-checking 1016.4.2 Preventing the spread of the disinformation virus: inoculation and media literacy 1036.5 References 105Part 2 The Smart City: What Lifestyle for Citizens? 107Introduction to Part 2 109Gilles N’GOALAChapter 7 Inhabiting 113Sarah MUSSOL and Pauline FOLCHER7.1 Introduction: everyday life in the smart city 1137.2 Inhabiting tomorrow: representations of housing in the smart city 1147.2.1 Stories of inhabiting tomorrow 1157.2.2 Representations of the habitat of the future 1177.3 Political visions of inhabiting tomorrow 1197.3.1 Political discourse of the smart city 1197.3.2 Prospective scenarios for the habitat of tomorrow 1207.3.3 Political discourse as the basis for political action 1217.4 Residential practices in the smart cities of tomorrow 1237.5 References 124Chapter 8 Eating 127Karine GARCIA, Andréa GOURMELEN and Angélique RODHAIN8.1 Introduction: creating a smart food environment, the case of the city of Montpellier 1278.2 The smart city on food issues 1288.2.1 Reality 1288.2.2 The importance of an interest in accessibility to healthy food in smart cities 1298.2.3 Accessibility of healthy eating 1308.2.4 A food environment at the collective and individual level 1318.3 The case of the city of Montpellier 1328.3.1 Context of the city and its food policy 1328.3.2 Ma cantine autrement (MCA): an innovative approach to a familiar target for the city 1348.3.3 The Food City: a project to broaden the target audience of the city’s actions 1398.3.4 La Maison de l’alimentation solidaire (Solidarity Food House): third place and target audience 1418.4 Conclusion 1468.5 References 147Chapter 9 Smart Culture, Immersion, Co-creation and Public Engagement 151Olga GONCALVES, Camille LACAN and Gilles N’GOALA9.1 Introduction 1519.2 The digital in search of legitimation 1529.3 Toward new cultural trails: creation or destruction of value for audiences 1569.4 From accessibility to the appropriation of cultural experience by the public 1599.5 Public engagement or disengagement 1629.6 Conclusion: smart culture, smart people 1649.7 References 167Chapter 10 Consuming 171Fabien DURIF10.1 Introduction: claims of better consumption in the city of tomorrow 17110.2 The need to move toward more “sustainable” consumption 17310.2.1 A diversity of practices serving more “sustainable” consumption 17410.2.2 Building pro-social and pro-environmental attitudes to achieve more “sustainable” consumption 17510.3 Thinking of the city of tomorrow as a living laboratory for sustainable consumption 17610.3.1 The city: a “legitimate” actor promoting more sustainable consumption 17810.3.2 Making the city of tomorrow a space for sharing 17910.4 Conclusion: challenges linked to sustainable consumption at the territorial level 17910.5 References 179Chapter 11 Moving Around 183Sara LAURENT and Florence PAULHIAC SCHERRER11.1 Introduction: integrating marketing into mobility policies 18311.2 Demand management for low-carbon mobility 18511.2.1 Acting on mobility: the key role of demand management 18511.2.2 Incentives or constraints 18611.3 Supporting changes initiated by public policies through marketing 18711.3.1 Resistance to active mobility policies 18711.3.2 The value of a marketing approach for demand management 18811.4 Effective design of MaaS solutions using nudge and gamification 19011.4.1 Understanding and distinguishing nudge and gamification 19011.4.2 State of the art of digital solutions to encourage active mobility 19111.4.3 Enhancing the effectiveness of nudge and gamification through fine user segmentation 19311.5 Conclusion 19311.6 References 194Chapter 12 Traveling 199Intissar ABBES and Arnaud MAES12.1 Introduction: technology enhancing the hospitality experience at the heart of a smart destination 19912.2 Hospitality and its meanings 20012.3 The contributions of digital technology to territorial tourist hospitality 20212.4 Locals: new ambassadors for a smart destination 20512.5 Virtual hospitality, a reflection of territorial hospitality 20612.6 Technology and prejudice: the dark side of virtual hospitality 20712.7 Technology supporting a more hospitable destination for its residents 20812.8 Conclusion 21012.9 References 210Chapter 13 Healing 215Blandine CHAPEL and Sarah GARIDI13.1 Introduction: connected care, digital health in smart cities 21513.2 Embedding digital health in smart cities 21613.2.1 Definition and challenges of digital health in smart cities 21613.2.2 Digital health in smart cities: opportunity or menace for meeting the challenges of 4P medicine 21913.3 Creation of solutions and initiatives in territories: when actors mobilize to innovate 22113.3.1 Interdisciplinary approach to chronic diseases 22113.3.2 Lockdown: an opportunity for better accessibility to care 22413.4 Rethinking coordination of pathways across the territory: shared digital platforms 22513.4.1 Patient care pathways: coordination through information systems 22513.4.2 Coordination system for pathway relevance 22713.5 Conclusion 22913.6 References 230Chapter 14 Learning 235Sara LAURENT14.1 Introduction: creating new learning experiences accessible to all 23514.2 Designing new learning experiences 23614.2.1 A variety of tools for an enhanced learning experience 23614.2.2 Motivations to adopt digital technologies for designing new learning experiences 23714.3 Thinking about the accessibility of new learning experiences 23914.3.1 At learner level 23914.3.2 Within institutions and among teachers 23914.4 Conclusion: challenges linked to education at the territorial level 24014.5 References 241Conclusion Shaping the Digitized City 243Nicolas MERVEILLEList of Authors 257Index 259