Small Business and Entrepreneurship

ExpertiseAll aspects of small business and entrepreneurship; small business management; employment; growth; innovation; IP management; environmental practices; business exit; regional and international dimensions; public policy initiatives and evaluations.Reviewer for book publishers (eg. Sage), research councils (ESRC; Leverhulme; Nuffield) and journals.Research Interest(s)Extensive research portfolio for academic (eg ESRC), private (eg HSBC) and public (eg HM Treasury; EU Commission) organisations. Expertise in primary and secondary data collection and analyses; engaged in qualitative and quantitative research methods. Editor of International Small Business JournalTeachingEngaged in postgraduate teaching programmes linked to entrepreneurship and small business; supervision and examination experience at masters and doctorate levels.MembershipsMember of RAE2008 and REF2014 Business and Management sub-panel Member of ACCA Small Firms Committee Member of Association of Business Schools Research Committee Member of Institute of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Member of the British Academy of Management Member of Academicians of the Academy of Social Science; Holder of the Queen′s Award for Enterprise Promotion Candida Brush is the Franklin W. Olin Professor of Entrepreneurship, and serves as the Vice Provost of Global Entrepreneurial Leadership at Babson College, Wellesley, MA, USA. Her research interests include resource acquisition of new ventures, angel financing, and women’s entrepreneurship.

• VOLUME IPART ONE: SMALL BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND THEORY DEVELOPMENTThe Developing Domain of Entrepreneurship and Small BusinessEntrepreneurship Research in Emergence - L Busenitz, G P West, D Shepherd, T Nelson, G N Chandler & A ZacharakisPast Trends and Future DirectionsIs There an Elephant in Entrepreneurship? Blind Assumptions in Theory Development - W B GartnerThe Adolescence of Entrepreneurship Research - M B LowSpecification and PurposeThe Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research - S Shane & S VenkataramanThe Focus of Entrepreneurial Research - D Ucbasaran, P Westhead & M WrightContextual and Process IssuesPART TWO: RESEARCH APPROACHESMethodological Issues and DebatesLevels of Analysis in Entrepreneurship Research - P Davidsson & J WiklundCurrent Research Practice and Suggestions for the FutureWorking in the Field - R HollidayResearching Entrepreneurship through Phenomenological Inquiry - J CopePhilosophical IssuesCase Study Method in Small Business and Entrepreneurial Research - L Perren & M RamMapping Boundaries and PerspectivesDiscourses and Critiques of the FieldNew Meanings for Entrepreneurs - U HyttiFrom Risk-Taking Heroes to Safe-Seeking ProfessionalsMythicizing and Reification in Entrepreneurial Discourse - J O OgborIdeaology - Critique of Entrepreneurial StudiesGovernment Discourses on Entrepreneurship - L Perren & P JenningsIssues of Subjugation and PowerPART THREE: POPULATIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSOwner-Managers and EntrepreneursDifferences Between Entrepreneurs and Managers in Large Organizations - L Busenitz & J BarnerBiases and Heuristics in Strategic Decision-MakingDifferentiating Entrepreneurs from Small Business Owners - J W Carland, F Hoy, W R Boulton & J A C CarlandA ConceptualizationThe Entrepreneurial Personality - E ChellA Few Ghosts Laid to RestA Psychosocial Cognitive Model of Employment Status Choice - J KatzFemale Entrepreneurship and Feminist PerspectivesWhy Research on Women Entrepreneurs Needs New Directions - H AhlTime for a Change? Women′s Accounts of the Move from Organizational Careers to Self-Employment - M Mallon & L CohenA Gendered Perspective on Organizational Creation - B J Bird & C G BrushResearch on Women Business Owners - C BrushPast Trends, a New Perspective and Future DirectionsA Theoretical Overview and Extension of Research on Sex, Gender, and Entrepreneurship - E M Fischer, A R Reuber & L S DykeFeminist Insights on Gendered Work - K. MirchandaniNew Directions in Research on Women and EntrepreneurshipImmigrant and Ethnic Minority BusinessesEthnicity and Entrepreneurship - H E Aldrich & R WaldingerEthnic Minority Business Support - G Barrett, T Jones & D McEvoyTheoretical Discourse in Britain and North AmericaVOLUME II PART THREE: POPULATIONS OF ENTREPRENEURS (CONTINUED)Continues from Immigrant and Ethnic Minority BusinessesMinority Business Access to Mainstream Markets - T BatesThe Absence of African-American Owned Business - R FairlieAn Analysis of the Dynamics of Self-EmploymentApprentice Entrepreneurs? Ethnic Minority Workers in the Independent Restaurant Sector - M Ram, T Abbas, B Sanghera, G Barlow & T JonesOutsiders′ Business - J Rath & R KloostermanA Critical Review of Research on Immigrant EntrepreneurshipFamily BusinessThe Pervasive Effects of Family on Entrepreneurship - H E Aldrich & J E CliffToward a Family Embeddedness PerspectiveTrends and Directions in the Development of a Strategic Management Theory of the Family Firm - J J Chrisman, J H Chua & P SharmaHelp One Another, Use One Another - A StewartToward an Anthropology of Family BusinessInternational ComparisonsThe Normative Context for Women′s Participation in Entrepreneurship - C Baughn, B L Chua & K E NeupertA Multi-Country StudyThe Sociocultural Environment for Entrepreneurship - T M Begley & W TanA Comparison Between East Asian and Anglo-Saxon CountriesEntrepreneurship and its Determinants in a Cross-Country Setting - A Freytag & R ThurikCross-National Comparisons of the Variation in New Firm Formation Rates - P D Reynolds, D J Storey & P WestheadPART FOUR: FORMS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIPSocial Enterprise Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship - J Austin, H Stevenson & J Wei-SkillernSame, Different or Both?Social Enterprise and Entrepreneurship - E ChellTowards a Convergent Theory of the Entrepreneurial ProcessSocial Entrepreneurship Research - J Mair & I MartiA Source of Explanation, Prediction, and DelightFranchisingWhy Do Firms Use Franchising as an Entrepreneurial Strategy? A Meta-Analysis - J Coombs & D KetchenMulti-Unit Franchising - P J Kauffman & R P DantGrowth and Management IssuesColas, Shakers and Burgers - J Stanworth & J CurranSelf-EmploymentSelf-Employment Entry Across Industry Groups - T BatesDoes Entrepreneurship Pay? An Empirical Analysis of the Returns to Self-Employment - B HamiltonSelf-Employment Career Dynamics - B Granger, J Stanworth & C StanworthThe Case of `Unemployment Push′ in UK Book PublishingSelf-Employment - D G BlanchflowerMore May Not be BetterVOLUME IIIPART FOUR: FORMS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP (CONTINUED)Entrepreneurship and Small Firms in Transition and Developing EconomiesThe Growth of the Firm in Planned Economies in Transition - M W Peng & P HeathInstitutions, Organizations, and Strategic ChoiceSelf-Employment in the Era of the New Economic Model in Latin America - M J Pisani & J A PaánA Case Study of NicaraguaNew Private Enterprises in Three Transitional Contexts - K Robert & C ZhouCentral Europe, the Former Soviet Union and ChinaThe Distinctiveness of Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies - D Smallbone & F WelterGlobalization and InternationalizationEffects of Age at Entry, Knowledge Intensity and Imitabilty on International Growth - E Autio, H Sapienza & J AlmeidaSmall Firm Dynamism in East Asia - F Iqbal & S UrataAn Introductory OverviewInternationalisation: Conceptualizing an Entrepreneurial Process of Behaviour in Time - M V Jones & N E CovielloDefining International Entrepreneurship and Modelling the Speed of Internationalization - B M Oviatt & P P McDougallPART FIVE: ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIESNew Venture CreationImprovising Firms - T Baker, A S Miner & D T EesleyBricolage, Account Giving and Improvisational Competencies in the Founding ProcessProperties of Emerging Organizations - C G Brush, L Edelman & T ManolovaAn Empirical TestExploring Start-Up Event Sequences - N Carter, W B Gartner & ReynoldsCompeting Models of Entrepreneurial Intentions - N F Krueger, M D Reilly & A L CarsrudChallenges of Development, Growth and PerformanceA Multi-Dimensional Model Venture Growth - J R Baum, E A Locke & K G SmithStrategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments - J G Covin & D P SlevinOrganizational Growth - K Eisenhardt & C SchoonhovenLinking Founding Team, Strategy, Environment and Growth Among US Semiconductor Ventures, 1978-1988An Examination of the Influence of Industry Structure on Eight Alternative Measures of New Venture Performance for High Potential Independent New Ventures - K C RobinsonBusiness PlanningDoes Business Planning Facilitate the Development of New Ventures? - F Delmar & S ShaneWhat do Investors Look for in a Business Plan? A Comparison of the Investment Criteria of Bankers, Venture Capitalists and Business Angels - C Mason & M StarkInstitutional Forces and the Written Business Plan - B Honig & T KarlssonVOLUME IVPART FIVE: ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIES (CONTINUED)Finance and Financial ManagementThe Economics of Small Business Finance - A N Berger & G F UdellThe Roles of Private Equity and Debt Markets in the Financial Growth CycleCompetition, Small Business Financing and Discrimination - K S Cavalluzzo, L C Cavalluzzo & J D WolkenEvidence From a New SurveyPatterns of Venture Capital Funding - P G Greene, C G Brush, M M Hart & P SaparitoIs Gender a Factor?Innovation and Regional Growth in Small High Technology Firms - R P OakeyEvidence from Britain and the USAAccess to Finance by Ethnic Minority Businesses in the UK - D Smallbone, M Ram, D Deakins & R BaldockHuman Resource Management and Employment RelationsManaging Human Resources in Small Organizations - M S Cardon & C E StevensWhat Do We Know?Human Resource Management in Smaller Firms - S MarlowA Contradiction in Terms?A New Look at Job Satisfaction in the Small Firm - J Curran & J StanworthRegulation of Work in Small Firms - C MouleWhat′s So Special about Small Firms? Developing and Integrated Approach to Analysing Small Firm Industrial Relations - R Barrett & A RainniePraising Caesar Not Burying Him - M Ram & P EdwardsWhat We Know About Employment Relations in Small FirmsMarketing and Marketing StrategiesThe Evolution of Marketing in Small Firms - D J CarsonAn Investigation of Marketing Practice by Firm Size - N E Coviello, R J Brodie & H J MunroCoping with the Market - R Scase & R GoffeeCollaboration and Performance in Foreign Markets - R C ShraderThe Case of Young High-Technology Manufacturing FirmsNetworking and External RelationsThe Contribution of Business Associations to SMEs - R J Bennett & M RamsdenStrategy, Bundling or Reassurance?The Institutional Embeddedness of Local Inter-Firm Networks - B Johannisson, M Ramírez-Pasillas & G KarlssonA Leverage for Business CreationThe Role, Use and Activation of Strong and Weak Network Ties - S L JackA Qualitative AnalysisSocial Structure and Competition in Inter-Firm Networks - B UzziThe Paradox of EmbeddednessVOLUME VPART SIX: OUTCOMES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIPContributions to the EconomyCapitalism and Democracy in the 21st Century - D Anderson & R ThurikFrom the Managed to the Entrepreneurial EconomyEntrepreneurship Capital and Economic Performance - D Audretsch & M KeilbachEntrepreneurship - W J BaumolProductive, Unproductive and DestructiveSelf-Employment Wealth and Job Creation - A E BurkeThe Roles of Gender, Non-Pecuniary Motivation and Entrepreneurial AbilityLinking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth - S Wennekers & R ThurikPublic Policy and State InterventionWhat is Small Business Policy in the UK For? Evaluation and Assessing Small Business Policies - J CurranDoes More Mean Worse? Three Decades of Enterprise Policy in the Tees Valley - F J Greene, K Mole & D J StoreySME Policy, Academic Research and the Growth of Ignorance, Mythical Concepts, Myths, Assumptions, Rituals and Confusions - A GibbThe Effect of Business Regulations on Nascent and Young Business Entrepreneurship - A van Stel, D J Storey & A R ThurikEntrepreneurship, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and Public Policies - D J StoreyEntrepreneurship EducationOpportunity Identification and Its Role in the Entrepreneurial Classroom: A Pedagogical Approach and Empirical Test - D R DeTienne & G N ChandlerThe Theoretical Side of Teaching Entrepreneurship - J FietThe Chronology and Intellectual Trajectory of American Entrepreneurship Education 1876-1999 - J KatzA Process Model for Entrepreneurship Education and Development - C Leitch & R HarrisonTowards a Conceptual Understanding of Entrepreneurial Learning - D Rae & M CarswellBusiness Exit and TransferRedefining Business Success - B HeaddDistinguishing Between Closure and FailureFalling Forward - R McGrathReal Options Reasoning and Entrepreneurial FailureLearning the Hard Way - D Stokes & R A BlackburnThe Lessons of Owner-Managers Who Have Closed Their Businesses