Keith Lehrer offers an original philosophical view of principal aspects of the human condition, such as reason, knowledge, wisdom, autonomy, love, consensus, and consciousness. Three unifying ideas run through the book. The first is that what is uniquely human is the capacity for metamental ascent, the ability to consider and evaluate first-order mental states (such as beliefs and desires) that arise naturally within us. A primary function of this metamental ascent is the resolution of personal and interpersonal conflict, essential to such central human goods as wisdom, autonomy, and consensus. The second unifying idea is that we have a system for such reflective evaluation which yields acceptance (in relation to beliefs) or preference (in relation to the objects of desires). The third unifying idea is that there are `keystones' of evaluation in this system: loops of trustworthiness that are themselves supported by the structure that they hold together. Self-trust is the basis of our trustworthiness, on which reason, knowledge, and wisdom are grounded.
Keith Lehrer is Regent's Professor of Philosophy at the University of Arizona, Tucson. From 1992 to 1995 he was Chair of the Board of Officers of the American Philosophical Association. His books include Knowledge (OUP 1974), Metamind (OUP 1990), Theory of Knowledge (Westview/Routledge 1990), and Thomas Reid (Routledge 1991).
This book is vintage Lehrer: probing, subtle, and deep. Building on many years of previous work, it is also mature and wise, with a nice balance of wide-ranging intuitive perceptiveness with analytic penetration and precision. An outstanding feature of the book is the way in which it goes beyond the usual focus on knowledge and cognition to integrate questions of intellect and will, knowledge and wisdom, cognition and affection.
Keith Lehrer, Center for the Philosophy of Freedom University of Arizona) Lehrer, Keith (Regents Professor Emeritus, Active Research Professor, Regents Professor Emeritus, Active Research Professor