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In this book, the self-healing of composite structures with shape memory polymer as either matrix or embedded suture is systematically discussed. Self-healing has been well known in biological systems for many years: a typical example is the self-healing of human skin. Whilst a minor wound can be self-closed by blood clotting, a deep and wide cut needs external help by suturing. Inspired by this observation, this book proposes a two-step close-then-heal (CTH) scheme for healing wide-opened cracks in composite structures–by constrained shape recovery first, followed by molecular healing. It is demonstrated that the CTH scheme can heal wide-opened structural cracks repeatedly, efficiently, timely, and molecularly. It is believed that self-healing represents the next-generation technology and will become an engineering reality in the near future. The book consists of both fundamental background and practical skills for implementing the CTH scheme, with additional focus on understanding strain memory versus stress memory and healing efficiency evaluation under various fracture modes. Potential applications to civil engineering structures, including sealant for bridge decks and concrete pavements, and rutting resistant asphalt pavements, are also explored. This book will help readers to understand this emerging field, and to establish a framework for new innovation in this direction.Key features: explores potential applications of shape memory polymers in civil engineering structures, which is believed to be unique within the literaturebalanced testing and mathematical modeling, useful for both academic researchers and practitionersthe self-healing scheme is based on physical change of polymers and is written in an easy to understand style for engineering professionals without a strong background in chemistry
Guoqiang Li is the author of Self-Healing Composites: Shape Memory Polymer Based Structures, published by Wiley.
Preface xiii 1 Introduction 11.1 Thermosetting Polymers 11.2 Thermosetting Polymer Composites in Structure Applications 31.3 Damage in Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Polymer Composite Structures 31.4 Repair of Damage in Thermosetting Polymer Composite Structures 111.5 Classification of Self-Healing Schemes 131.6 Organization of This Book 14References 152 Self-Healing in Biological Systems 212.1 Self-Healing in Plants 212.2 Seal-Healing in Animals 212.3 Self-Healing in Human Beings 262.4 Summary Remarks 292.5 Implications from Nature 30References 303 Thermoset Shape Memory Polymer and Its Syntactic Foam 353.1 Characterization of Thermosetting SMP and SMP Based Syntactic Foam 383.2 Programming of Thermosetting SMPs 483.3 Thermomechanical Behavior of Thermosetting SMP and SMP Based Syntactic Foam Programmed Using the Classical Method 543.4 Thermomechanical Behavior of Thermosetting SMP and SMP Based Syntactic Foam Programmed by Cold Compression 773.5 Behavior of Thermoset Shape Memory Polymer Based Syntactic Foam Trained by Hybrid Two-Stage Programming 863.6 Functional Durability of SMP Based Syntactic Foam 102References 1054 Constitutive Modeling of Amorphous Thermosetting Shape Memory Polymer and Shape Memory Polymer Based Syntactic Foam 1094.1 Some Fundamental Relations in the Kinematics of Continuum Mechanics 1114.2 Stress Definition in Solid Mechanics 1194.3 Multiplicative Decomposition of Deformation Gradient 1214.4 Constitutive Modeling of Cold-Compression Programmed Thermosetting SMP 1234.5 Thermoviscoplastic Modeling of Cold-Compression Programmed Thermosetting Shape Memory Polymer Syntactic Foam 139References 1505 Shape Memory Polyurethane Fiber 1555.1 Strengthening of SMPFs Through Strain Hardening by Cold-Drawing Programming 1555.2 Characterization of Thermoplastic SMPFs 1695.3 Constitutive Modeling of Semicrystalline SMPFs 1795.4 Stress Memory versus Strain Memory 200References 2086 Self-Healing with Shape Memory Polymer as Matrix 2136.1 SMP Matrix Based Biomimetic Self-Healing Scheme 2196.2 Self-Healing of a Sandwich Structure with PSMP Based Syntactic Foam core 2456.3 Grid Stiffened PSMP Based Syntactic Foam Cored Sandwich for Mitigating and Healing Impact Damage 2606.4 Three-Dimensional Woven Fabric Reinforced PSMP Based Syntactic Foam Panel for Impact Tolerance and Damage Healing 270References 2817 Self-Healing with Embedded Shape Memory Polymer Fibers 2877.1 Bio-inspired Self-Healing Scheme Based on SMP Fibers 2877.2 SMP Fiber versus SMA (Shape Memory Alloy) Fiber 2897.3 Healing of Thermosetting Polymer by Embedded Unidirectional (1-D) Shape Memory Polyurethane Fiber (SMPF) 2937.4 Healing of Thermosetting Polymer by Embedded 2-D Shape Memory Polyurethane Fiber (SMPF) 3077.5 Healing of Thermosetting Polymer by Embedded 3-D Shape Memory Polyurethane Fiber (SMPF) 314References 3258 Modeling of Healing Process and Evaluation of Healing Efficiency 3298.1 Modeling of Healing Process 3308.2 Evaluation of Healing Efficiency 3348.1 Modeling of Healing Process 3308.2 Evaluation of Healing Efficiency 334References 3519 Summary and Future Perspective of Biomimetic Self-Healing Composites 3559.1 Summary of SMP Based Biomimetic Self-Healing 3559.2 Future Perspective of SMP Based Self-Healing Composites 356References 364Index 367