Science and Technology of Separation Membranes, 2 Volume Set

Tadashi Uragami, Functional Separation Membrane Research Center, Japan

• Preface xixAcknowledgements xxiiiVolume I1 Introduction to Membrane Science and Technology 11.1 History of Membrane Science and Technology 11.2 Membrane Module 61.3 Necessity of Membrane Science and Technology 7References 82 Membrane Structure 132.1 Structural Design of Membranes 132.2 Symmetric Non-porous and Porous Membranes 142.3 Asymmetric and Composite Membranes 152.4 Relation between Structure and Preparation Condition of Membrane 162.5 Structure of Liquid Membranes 502.6 Structure of Inorganic Membranes 53References 533 Preparation Methods of Membranes 593.1 Polymer Membranes 593.2 Inorganic Membranes 743.3 Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Membranes 753.4 Liquid Membranes 76References 804 Membrane Shapes and Modules 874.1 Membrane Shapes 874.2 Membrane Module 94References 1025 Characterization of Membrane 1055.1 Methods and Subjects of Evaluation 105References 1426 Fundamentals of Membrane Transport Phenomena 1476.1 Thermodynamical Fundamentals for Membrane Transport 1476.2 Solution-Diffusion Model 1666.3 Pore Flow 171References 1777 Phenomena during Membrane Permeation and Separation 1817.1 Concentration Polarization 1817.2 Membrane Fouling 197References 1998 Dialysis 2058.1 Diffusion Dialysis 2058.2 Donnan Dialysis 2248.3 Neutralization Dialysis 2268.4 Piezodialysis 2288.5 Electrodialysis 2338.6 Technologies of Electrodialysis 2378.7 Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes 244References 2519 Reverse Osmosis 2599.1 Principle of Reverse Osmosis 2599.2 Fundamental Analysis of Reverse Osmosis 2599.3 Materials and Structures of Reverse Osmosis Membranes 2669.4 Concentration Polarization and Fouling 2709.5 Technologies and Applications of Reverse Osmosis 2749.6 Membrane Module of Reverse Osmosis 2899.7 Membrane Cleaning 291References 29210 Nanofiltration 29710.1 Principle of Nanofiltration 29710.2 Fundamental Analysis of Nanofiltration 29710.3 Membranes and Modules for Nanofiltration 30010.4 Concentration Polarization and Membrane Fouling in Nanofiltration 30810.5 Technology 311References 31811 Ultrafiltration 32511.1 Principle of Ultrafiltration 32511.2 Fundamental Analysis of Ultrafiltration 32511.3 Membranes for Ultrafiltration 33311.4 Ultrafiltration Modes 33311.5 Concentration Polarization and Fouling in Ultrafiltration 33511.6 Ultrafiltration Technology 34211.7 Ultrafiltration Applications 343References 35512 Microfiltration 35912.1 Principle of Microfiltration 35912.2 Fundamental Analysis of Microfiltration 36012.3 Membranes for Microfiltration 36312.4 Fouling in Microfiltration 36512.5 Module of Microfiltration 36812.6 Microfiltration Technology 368References 37513 Comparison of Pressure-Driven Membrane Separation Processes 37913.1 Pressure-Driven Membrane Separation Technologies 37913.2 Problems of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration 382References 383Volume II14 Forward Osmosis 38514.1 Principle of Forward Osmosis 38514.2 Advantages and Problems of Forward Osmosis 38514.3 Fundamental Analysis of Forward Osmosis 38714.4 Membranes and Modules for Forward Osmosis 38714.5 Technology 39114.6 Application Area of Forward Osmosis Process 39114.7 Improvement of Forward Osmosis Membrane Performance 40114.8 Fouling in Forward Osmosis 406References 40815 Pervaporation 41315.1 Principle of Pervaporation 41315.2 Fundamental Analysis of Pervaporation 41415.3 Membranes for Pervaporation 41715.4 Technologies 428References 46116 Evapomeation 47116.1 Principle of Evapomeation 47116.2 Membranes of Evapomeation 47216.3 Technology of Evapomeation 475References 50217 Temperature-Difference Controlled Evapomeation 50917.1 Principle of Temperature-Difference Controlled Evapomeation 50917.2 Membranes of Temperature-Difference Controlled Evapomeation 50917.3 Technology of Temperature-Difference Controlled Evapomeation 510References 53318 Membrane Distillation 53518.1 Principle of Membrane Distillation 53518.2 Fundamental Analysis of Membrane Distillation 53718.3 Membranes of Membrane Distillation 54118.4 Technologies of Membrane Distillation 546References 55319 Gas Permeation 55919.1 Beginning of Gas Permeation 55919.2 Fundamentals of Gas Permeation 56019.3 Membranes for Gas Permeation 56719.4 Membranes from Inorganic Materials 57519.5 Modules of Gas Separation Membrane 57719.6 Technology of Gas Permeation Membrane 577References 58320 Carrier Transport 58720.1 Fundamental Principle of Carrier Transport through Artificial Membranes 58720.2 Carriers in Membrane Transport 59120.3 Technology of Carrier Transport Membranes 596References 62921 Membrane Reactor 63521.1 Concept of Membrane Reactors 63521.2 Membranes for Membrane Reactors 63521.3 Technology of Membrane Reactors 640References 66122 Membrane Contactors 66722.1 Principle and Fundamentals of Membrane Contactors 66722.2 Membranes for Membrane Contactors 66922.3 Technology of Membrane Contactors 672References 67623 Fuel Cell Membranes 67923.1 Principles of the Fuel Cell 67923.2 Good Points of Fuel Cells 68023.3 Membranes for Fuel Cells 68123.4 Technology of Fuel Cells 682References 69124 Hybrid Systems of the Membrane Separation Process 69524.1 Hybrid Systems of Membrane Technology and Reactive Production Step, Other Separation Technology 69524.2 Hybrid Systems with Plural Membrane Technology 705References 71325 Optical Resolution by Membranes 71725.1 Present Conditions and Problem of Optical Resolution with Membranes 71725.2 Membranes for Optical Resolution 71825.3 Technology of Optical Resolution Membranes 721References 73026 Material Separations by Other Membrane Processes 73526.1 Carbon Nanotube Membranes 73526.2 Graphene Membranes 73626.3 Technologies of Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Membranes 738References 76027 Conclusions and Prospects for the Future 769Reference 771Index 773