Satellite Observations of the Earth's Environment

This report addresses the transition of research satellites, instruments, and calculations into operational service for accurately observing and predicting the Earth's environment. These transitions, which take place in large part between NASA and NOAA, are important for maintaining the health, safety, and prosperity of the nation, and for achieving the vision of an Earth Information System in which quantitative information about the complete Earth system is readily available to myriad users. Many transitions have been ad hoc, sometimes taking several years or even decades to occur, and others have encountered roadblockslack of long-range planning, resources, institutional or cultural differences, for instanceand never reached fruition. Satellite Observations of Earth's Environment recommends new structures and methods that will allow seamless transitions from research to practice.Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. The Research-to-Operations Context: Bridging the Valleys of Death and Lost Opportunities 3. The Impact of Weather and Climate on Society and a Vision for the Future 4. Opportunities in Satellite Remote Sensing to Realize the Vision 5. Pathways from Research to Operations 6. A Mechanism for Achieving Effective Transitions 7. Findings and Recommendations References Appendix A: Previous NRC Recommendations on Transitioning Research to Operations Appendix B: Case Studies of Transitions from Research to Operations Appendix C: Future Missions Appendix D: Biographical Information for Committee Members Appendix E: Acronyms