Joseph Cronin is Lecturer in Modern German History at Queen Mary University of London, UK. He has published on European-Jewish identities and migration in the twentieth century.

• Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Background to the Russian-Jewish immigration.- Chapter 3. Responses to the arrival of non-halakhic Russian-speaking Jews.- Part I: The reception of non-halakhic Jews in Jewish communities.- Part II: Legislative changes to bring the immigration into line with halakhic criteria.- Chapter 4. The debate surrounding ‘fake’ Jews.- Chapter 5. Differing attitudes towards the Holocaust between Russian-speaking and long-established Jews.- Part I: Attitudinal differences between long-established and Russian-speaking Jews.- Part II: Tensions within Jewish communities.- Part III: The changing tone of Holocaust commemoration in Jewish communities.- Chapter 6. Voting rights, leadership disputes and community splits.- Part I. Voting rights and leadership disputes.- Part II. Community splits.- Chapter 7. Conclusion.

Joseph Cronin is Lecturer in Modern German History at Queen Mary University of London, UK. He has published on European-Jewish identities and migration in the twentieth century.

• Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Background to the Russian-Jewish immigration.- Chapter 3. Responses to the arrival of non-halakhic Russian-speaking Jews.- Part I: The reception of non-halakhic Jews in Jewish communities.- Part II: Legislative changes to bring the immigration into line with halakhic criteria.- Chapter 4. The debate surrounding ‘fake’ Jews.- Chapter 5. Differing attitudes towards the Holocaust between Russian-speaking and long-established Jews.- Part I: Attitudinal differences between long-established and Russian-speaking Jews.- Part II: Tensions within Jewish communities.- Part III: The changing tone of Holocaust commemoration in Jewish communities.- Chapter 6. Voting rights, leadership disputes and community splits.- Part I. Voting rights and leadership disputes.- Part II. Community splits.- Chapter 7. Conclusion.

Joseph Cronin is Lecturer in Modern German History at Queen Mary University of London, UK. He has published on European-Jewish identities and migration in the twentieth century.

• Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Background to the Russian-Jewish immigration.- Chapter 3. Responses to the arrival of non-halakhic Russian-speaking Jews.- Part I: The reception of non-halakhic Jews in Jewish communities.- Part II: Legislative changes to bring the immigration into line with halakhic criteria.- Chapter 4. The debate surrounding ‘fake’ Jews.- Chapter 5. Differing attitudes towards the Holocaust between Russian-speaking and long-established Jews.- Part I: Attitudinal differences between long-established and Russian-speaking Jews.- Part II: Tensions within Jewish communities.- Part III: The changing tone of Holocaust commemoration in Jewish communities.- Chapter 6. Voting rights, leadership disputes and community splits.- Part I. Voting rights and leadership disputes.- Part II. Community splits.- Chapter 7. Conclusion.