Research Methods in Practice
Strategies for Description and Causation
Häftad, Engelska, 2021
Av Dahlia K. Remler, Gregg G. Van Ryzin, USA) Remler, Dahlia K. (Baruch College, CUNY, USA) Van Ryzin, Gregg G. (Rutgers University, Newark
1 429 kr
Produktinformation
- Utgivningsdatum2021-12-21
- Mått203 x 254 x undefined mm
- Vikt1 350 g
- FormatHäftad
- SpråkEngelska
- Antal sidor728
- Upplaga3
- FörlagSAGE Publications
- ISBN9781544318424
Tillhör följande kategorier
Dahlia K. Remler is Professor at the School of Public Affairs, Baruch College, and the Department of Economics, Graduate Center, both of the City University of New York. She is also a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research.Dahlia has been in an unusual mix of disciplinary and interdisciplinary settings. She received a BS in electrical engineering from the University of California at Berkeley, a DPhil in physical chemistry from Oxford University—while a Marshall Scholar—and a PhD in economics from Harvard University. During the Clinton administration’s health care reform efforts, Dahlia held a fellowship at the Brookings Institution to finish her dissertation on health care cost containment. She then held a postdoctoral research fellowship at Harvard Medical School, followed by assistant professorships at Tulane’s and Columbia’s Schools of Public Health, prior to joining the faculty at Baruch. She enjoys comparing and contrasting how different disciplines see the same issues.Dahlia has published widely in a variety of areas in health care policy, including health care cost containment, information technology in health care, cigarette tax regressivity, simulation methods for health insurance take-up, and health insurance and health care markets. She has also recently started working on higher education and media issues. Her work has appeared in the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Health Affairs, the Quarterly Journal of Economics, the American Journal of Public Health, Medical Care Research and Review, and many other journals. She blogs on health care policy, higher education and other topics at DahliaRemler.com. Dahlia lives with her husband, Howard, in New York City, where they enjoy the city’s theaters, restaurants, and parks—and Dahlia enjoys being a complete amateur dancer in some of the city’s superb dance studios.Gregg G. Van Ryzin is Professor at the School of Public Affairs and Administration, Rutgers University—Newark. He received his BA in geography from Columbia University and his PhD in psychology from the City University of New York. During his doctoral training, he worked as a planner for a nonprofit housing and community development organization in New York City, and he completed his dissertation on low income housing for the elderly in Detroit. He next worked in Washington, D.C., for ICF Inc. and later Westat, Inc. on surveys and program evaluations for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and other federal agencies. In 1995, he joined the faculty of the School of Public Affairs, Baruch College, where he directed their Survey Research Unit for 8 years. In that role, he helped develop and direct the New York City Community Health Survey, a large-scale behavioral health survey for the city’s health department, and also played a key role in shaping and conducting the city’s survey of satisfaction with government services. He has spent time in Madrid, collaborating with researchers there on the analysis of surveys about public attitudes toward Spanish government policy. Gregg has published many scholarly articles on housing and welfare programs, survey and evaluation methods, and public opinion about government services and institutions. His work has appeared in the International Review of Administrative Sciences, the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, the Journal of Urban Affairs, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Public Administration Review, Public Management Review, Public Performance and Management Review, Urban Affairs Review, and other journals.Gregg lives in New York City with his wife, Ada (a history professor at NYU), and their daughters Alina and Lucia. They enjoy life in their Greenwich Village neighborhood, escaping on occasion to Spain, Miami, Maine, Cuba, and other interesting places in the world.
- PrefaceAcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorsPART I: FOUNDATIONSChapter 1. Research in the Real WorldLearning ObjectivesDo Methods Matter?Research, Policy, and PracticeEvidence Can MisleadWhat Is Research?Descriptive and Causal ResearchEpistemology: Ways of KnowingApproaching Research From Different AnglesEthics of ResearchConclusion: The Road AheadExercisesChapter 2. Theory, Models, and Research QuestionsLearning ObjectivesCommunity Policing Comes to PortlandWhat Is a Theory?What Is a Model?Logic Models: Mechanisms of ProgramsAlternative Perspectives on Theory in Social ResearchHow to Find and Focus Research QuestionsConclusion: Theories Are PracticalChapter 3. Qualitative ResearchLearning ObjectivesFighting Malaria in KenyaWhat Is Qualitative Research?Existing Qualitative DataQualitative InterviewsFocus GroupsQualitative ObservationParticipant Observation and EthnographyCase Study ResearchQualitative Data AnalysisThe Qualitative-Quantitative DebateEthics in Qualitative ResearchConclusion: Matching Methods to QuestionsExercisesPART II: STRATEGIES FOR DESCRIPTIONChapter 4. MeasurementLearning ObjectivesThe U.S. Poverty MeasureWhat Is Measurement?ConceptualizationOperationalizationValidityCriterion-Related ValidityMeasurement ErrorReliabilityValidity and Reliability in Qualitative ResearchLevels of MeasurementMeasurement in the Real World: Trade-offs and ChoicesConclusion: Measurement MattersExercisesChapter 5. SamplingLearning ObjectivesGauging the Fallout From Hurricane KatrinaGeneralizabilityBasic Sampling ConceptsProblems and Biases in SamplingNonprobability SamplingRandom (Probability) SamplingSampling Distributions, Standard Errors, and Confidence IntervalsSampling in PracticeSampling and Generalizability: A SummaryExercisesChapter 6. Secondary DataLearning ObjectivesTracking a Global PandemicQuantitative Data Forms and StructuresAdministrative RecordsAggregate Data TablesPublic Use MicrodataSecondary Qualitative DataBig DataLinking DataSome Limitations of Secondary DataConclusionExercisesChapter 7. Surveys and Other Primary DataLearning ObjectivesTaking the Nation’s Economic PulseWhen Should You Do a Survey?Steps in the Survey Research ProcessModes of Survey Data CollectionCrafting a QuestionnaireEthics of Survey ResearchOther Ways to Collect Primary DataConclusionExercisesPART III: STATISTICAL TOOLS AND INTERPRETATIONSChapter 8. Making Sense of the NumbersLearning Objectives“Last Weekend I Walked Eight”Units, Rates, and RatiosStatistics Starting Point: Variables in a Data SetDistributionsMeasures of Center: Mean and MedianMeasures of Spread and VariationRelationships Between Categorical VariablesRelationships Between Quantitative Variables: Scatterplots and CorrelationSimple Regression: Best-Fit Straight LinePractical SignificanceStatistical SoftwareConclusion: Tools for Description and CausationExercisesChapter 9. Making Sense of Inferential StatisticsLearning ObjectivesBut Is It Significant?Statistical Inference: What’s It Good For?The Sampling Distribution: Foundation of Statistical InferenceConfidence IntervalsSignificance TestsStatistical Significance, Practical Significance, and PowerIssues and Extensions of Statistical InferenceConclusionExercisesChapter 10. Making Sense of Multivariate StatisticsLearning ObjectivesMultiple Regression: The BasicsInference for RegressionCategorical Independent VariablesInteractions in RegressionFunctional Form and Transformations in RegressionCategorical Variables as Dependent Variables in RegressionWhich Statistical Methods Can I Use?Other Multivariate MethodsConclusionExercisesPART IV: STRATEGIES FOR CAUSATIONChapter 11. CausationLearning ObjectivesFamily Dinners and Teenage Substance AbuseAlternative Explanations of a CorrelationCausal MechanismsEvidence of Causation: Some Critical CluesSelf-Selection and EndogeneityThe Counterfactual Definition of CausationExperimentation and Exogeneity: Making Things HappenConclusion: Tools to Probe CausationExercisesChapter 12. Observational StudiesLearning ObjectivesPrivate Versus Public SchoolsWhat Is an Observational Study?Control VariablesMatchingControl Variables: An Empirical ExampleHow to Choose Control VariablesEpidemiological Approaches to Observational StudiesConclusion: Observational Studies in PerspectiveExercisesChapter 13. Using Regression to Estimate Causal EffectsLearning ObjectivesCigarette Taxes and SmokingFrom Stratification to Multiple RegressionDoes Greenery Affect Birth Outcomes?Further Topics in Regression for Estimating Causal EffectsControl Variables With Exogenous Independent Variables: The Gender Earnings GapOther Multivariate Techniques for Observational StudiesConclusion: A Widely Used Strategy, With DrawbacksExercisesChapter 14. Randomized ExperimentsLearning ObjectivesTime Limits on WelfareRandom Assignment: Creating Statistical EquivalenceThe Logic of Randomized Experiments: Exogeneity RevisitedThe Settings of Randomized ExperimentsGeneralizability of Randomized ExperimentsVariations on the Design of ExperimentsArtifacts in ExperimentsAnalysis of Randomized ExperimentsEthics of Randomized ExperimentsQualitative Methods and Randomized ExperimentsConclusion: A Gold Standard, With LimitationsExercisesChapter 15. Natural and Quasi ExperimentsLearning ObjectivesA Casino Benefits the Mental Health of Cherokee ChildrenWhat Are Natural and Quasi Experiments?Internal Validity of Natural and Quasi ExperimentsGeneralizability of Natural and Quasi ExperimentsTypes of Natural and Quasi Experimental StudiesDifference-in-Differences StrategyInstrumental Variables and Regression DiscontinuityRegression DiscontinuityEthics of Quasi and Natural ExperimentsConclusionExercisesPART V: CONTEXT AND COMMUNICATIONChapter 16. The Politics, Production, and Ethics of ResearchLearning ObjectivesRisking Your Baby’s HealthFrom Research to PolicyThe Production of ResearchMaking Research EthicalMaking Research Open and TransparentConclusionExercisesChapter 17. How to Find, Review, and Present ResearchLearning ObjectivesWhere to Find ResearchHow to Search for StudiesHow to Write a Literature ReviewHow to Communicate Your Own ResearchHow to Publish Your ResearchConclusionExercisesGlossaryReferencesIndex
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