Edited by Carlos M. Correa, Executive Director, South Centre, Geneva, Switzerland

• Contents: PrefaceCarlos M. CorreaHISTORY, INTERPRETATION AND PRINCIPLES1. Why IPR Issues Were Brought to GATT: A Historical Perspective on the Origins of TRIPSCharles Clift2. Developing Countries in the Global IP System Before TRIPS: The Political Context for the TRIPS NegotiationsCarolyn Deere-Birkbeck3. Minimum Standards vs. Harmonization in the TRIPS Context: The Nature of Obligations under TRIPS and Modes of Implementation at the National Level in Monist and Dualist SystemsDenis Borges Barbosa 4. Enhancing Global Innovation Policy: The Role of WIPO and its Conventions in Interpreting the TRIPS AgreementGraeme B. Dinwoodie and Rochelle C. Dreyfuss5. The Objectives and Principles of the TRIPS AgreementPeter K. Yu6. Mainstreaming the TRIPS and Human Rights InteractionsXavier Seuba7. The TRIPS Agreement and Intellectual Property Rights ExhaustionLuis Mariano Genovesi8. Intellectual Property Rights and Competition PolicyBeatriz Conde Gallego 9. Intellectual Property Rights in Free Trade Agreements: Moving Beyond TRIPS Minimum StandardsPedro Roffe, Christoph Spennemann and Johanna von BraunSUBSTANTIVE RIGHTS 10. Limits, Limitations and Exceptions to Copyright under the TRIPS AgreementP. Bernt Hugenholtz11. Copyright in TRIPS and Beyond: The WIPO Internet TreatiesRuth L. Okediji12. The Protection of ‘Related Rights’ in TRIPS and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms TreatyOwen Morgan13. Marks for Goods or Services (Trademarks)Annette Kur14. Unresolved Issues on Geographical Indications in the WTOKasturi Das15. No ‘Lemons’ No More: A Sketch on the ‘Economics’ of Geographical IndicationsDwijen Rangnekar 16. Exploring the Flexibilities of TRIPS to Promote Biotechnology in Developing CountriesGraham Dutfield, Lois Muraguri and Florian Leverve17. Compulsory Licensing of Patented Pharmaceutical Inventions: Evaluating the OptionsJerome H. Reichman18. The Doha Declaration and Access to Medicines by Countries Without Manufacturing CapacityS.K. Verma19. Disease-based Limitations on Compulsory Licenses Under Articles 31 and 31bisKevin Outterson20. The Protection of Semiconductor Chip Products in TRIPSThomas Hoeren21. Data Exclusivity for Pharmaceuticals: TRIPS Standards and Industry’s Demands in Free Trade AgreementsCarlos M. CorreaIndex

‘Carlos Correa has in these two Research Handbooks on the TRIPS Agreement, done a magnificent job of bringing together a large number of scholars to analyse the many issues raised by the Agreement. The result is an integrated resource of high quality that helps readers to understand the many complex dimensions of TRIPS.’