Edited by Kristin Henrard, Professor, Brussels School of Governance and Michelle Duin, Legal Officer, Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs

• ContentsPART I INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTABILITY1 The concept of accountabilityCarolyn Moser2 Accountability in international lawKaren de Vos and Jan WoutersPART II WHO AND TO WHOM: ACTORS3 (Extra)territorial obligations of statesMarten Zwanenburg4 The territorial state’s human rights obligations in areas of limited statehoodLinda Hamid5 The employment of human rights to demand accountability for activities ofinternational organizations harming individualsLorenzo Gasbarri6 Non-governmental organization’s accountability for human rights abuses:discourses, developments, and dangersMath Noortmann7 Corporate accountability for human rights abusesJustine Nolan8 Accountability and non-state organised armed groupsHelen Duffy9 Individuals (international criminal law)Stefanie Wilhem-JansenPART III FOR WHAT: NORM SECTION10 Accountability for violations of civil and political rights: redress withinand beyond the penal frameMattia Pinto and Natasa Mavronicola11 Accountability for violations of economic, social and cultural rightsAnnick Pijnenburg12 Children’s rights and accountability under international lawDr Gamze Erdem Türkelli13 Accountability challenges for minorities’ (equal enjoyment of)fundamental rights: vague norms, states’ sovereignty and legitimacyconcerns of international courtsKristin Henrard14 Legal accountability, human rights and the environment: identifyingthresholds and (im)possibilitiesMichelle Duin15 Accountability for the violation of the right to development: prospects andchallengesProfessor Serges Djoyou KamgaPART IV IN WHAT WAY: SUPERVISORY MECHANISMS AND MODUS OPERANDI16 Accountability at the Human Rights CouncilSangeeta Shah and Rosa Freedman17 The ombuds’ role in holding states accountable for human rightsviolations: persuasion and legal mechanismsCarlos Alberto Alza18 (Quasi) courts and issues of standing of individualsVera Shikhelman19 The burden and standard of proof in international human rights courtsTobias Thienel20 Standards of review in international courtsShai Dothan21 Securing accountability for systemic human rights violations in Europe?Taking stock of pilot judgmentsAlice Donald and Philip LeachPART V TO WHAT EXTENT: REMEDIES AND COMPLIANCE22 Accountability in human rights law: an introduction to remediesDinah Shelton23 Accountability in international complaint procedures and the use ofinterim measures in urgent casesEva Rieter24 Reparations in the form of restitution and compensation before selectedhuman rights mechanismsGentian Zyberi25 Legislative measures as remedies for violations of international humanrights law in the three regional systems26 Accountability through supervision mechanisms – the example of theEuropean human rights systemVeronika FikfakPART VI CASE STUDIES27 Accountability for LGBTI human rights violationsKseniya A Kirichenko28 Accountability for human rights violations in the context of forced displacementGeoff Gilbert29 Human rights at sea: boat disasters and the accountability of the EU and itsmember statesMariana Gkliati30 Addressing statelessness: evaluating the performance of UN monitoringmechanismsVera Karanika, Stefania Tantimonaco and Laura van Waas31 Human rights, climate change and remediesMargaretha Wewerinke-Singh and Melina Antoniadis32 Extraterritorial military action and human rights: accountability and its challengesLeander Beinlich33 Blurred lines of responsibility for human rights abuses at mega-sporting eventsDr Daniela Heerdt34 Duties of the individual in international human rights lawMando Rachovitsa

‘Accountability for violations of human rights is a critical frontier in international law and practice. The Research Handbook on Accountability for Human Rights Violations brings together experts on this topic from many different backgrounds, and offers both inspiration and practical guidance. The Handbook explores theories of accountability as well as their translation in diverse legal systems, skilfully deploying case studies to illuminate this complex field.’