Research and Development in School: Grounded in Cultural Historical Activity Theory intends to give student teachers, teachers and school leaders research knowledge about which methodologies (research approaches) and methods (data collection and analysis methods) they can use as tools when researching the day-to-day affairs of school and classroom practice. Cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) is presented as the framework. When grounded in CHAT the intention of the research will be to produce useful knowledge whether the aim is to promote development when the research is conducted or incoming development processes. The text is useful in connection with CHAT-informed development work research (DWR), where development work and research are combined in a common project, and in connection with on-going practices in school without the person studying them supporting the on-going development work there and then, but with the intention and understanding that the constructed knowledge can be used in subsequent development processes. This book is also useful for teacher educators/researchers who supervise student teachers or collaborate with practitioners in schools. The wish is that CHAT and its models will be able to contribute to the development processes we want to see in school, which in turn will promote the pupils’ learning outcome.
May Britt Postholm, Ph.D., is professor in pedagogy and qualitative methodology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Teacher Education. She has published articles on teaching and learning and qualitative methodology in both national and international journals.
PrefaceList of Figures1 Introduction1 Development Work Research and Research in School2 DWR and Research at Valen School3 The Aim of the Book4 The Structure of the Book2 Theoretical Perspectives and Cultural Historical Activity Theory1 Different Theoretical Perspectives2 Cultural Historical Activity Theory3 The Activity System: Its Origin and Development4 Researching Development Processes3 The Qualitative Method: Its Historical and Theoretical Roots and Characteristics1 Historical Roots2 Theoretical Roots3 Characteristics of the Qualitative Method4 Researcher Roles and Access to the Research Field1 Researcher Roles and the Aim of the Research2 Access to the Research Field5 Qualitative Research Approaches and Analysis1 Case Studies2 Ethnographic Studies3 Phenomenological Studies4 Narrative Studies5 Text Analysis6 Conversation Analysis/6 Data Collection1 Observation as a Data Collection Strategy2 Different Observer Roles3 Interviews as a Data Collection Strategy4 Types of Interviews5 Questions That Help the Researcher Achieve Understanding6 Connection between Interview and Observation7 Practical Advice7 Analysing the Data Material Using the Constant Comparative Analysis Method and D-Analysis1 Introduction2 The Point of Departure and Purpose of the Constant Comparative Analysis Method3 The Importance of Theory When Using the Constant Comparative Analysis Method4 Analytical Procedures in the Constant Comparative Analysis Method5 Analysis of an On-Going Process6 Contextual Circumstances in the Analysis7 Asking Questions and Making Comparisons8 Strategies in the Analytical Work9 Categories and Structure in a Written Presentation10 Background for the Project Used as an Example for the Constant Comparative Analysis Method and D-Analysis11 Concluding Reflection8 Quality and Ethics1 Introduction2 Knowledge – Constructed and Intersubjective3 Concepts Representing Quality4 Ethical Principles in Research5 Quality and Ethics – A Summary9 Writing up the Research Project1 Introduction2 The Thesis and the Researcher’s Position3 The Recipients of the Thesis4 The Introduction in the Thesis5 Thick and Thin Descriptions6 How to Structure the Text7 Descriptions as the Starting Point for Further Analysis8 Quotations Embedded in the Text9 The Connecting Theme in the Master’s ThesisReferencesAppendicesAppendix 1Appendix 2Appendix 3Index