In his imaginative, rich, and thought-provoking study, Oliver Zimmer turns his three cities' supposed weaknesses into methodological strengths. He argues that it is exactly their in-betweenness - neither big cities nor hometowns, neither fully advanced nor wholly backward - that makes Augsburg, Ludwigshafen, and Ulm representative of urban life and culture in late-nineteenth-century Germany. Considering the fact that in 1914 about 40 percent of the German population lived in such middle-sized cities, historians should take this argument very seriously. [A] highly thought-provoking addition to the rich literature on Imperial Germany.