Kate Scott is a Senior Lecturer in English Language and Linguistics at Kingston University, London. Her research focusses on the pragmatics of reference, with a special interest in the nature and role of procedural meaning. Billy Clark is Professor of English Language and Linguistics at Northumbria University. His research covers a wide range of topics in linguistics and stylistics, with a particular focus on semantics and pragmatics. Robyn Carston is Professor of Linguistics at University College London. Her main research interests are in pragmatics, semantics, relevance theory, metaphor, and word meaning.