As food systems globalize and innovation introduces new products, new food sources and production systems (NFPS) offer opportunities and pose challenges. These innovations, driven by technology and changing consumer demands, require adaptive regulatory frameworks to ensure safety, quality and consumer protection, while encouraging innovation. This paper examines the diverse approaches countries and regions are taking to regulate NFPS, providing an overview of current legislative practices and trends along with key regulatory elements. Digital editions of FAO publications are available on the FAO website as part of FAO’s Open Access policy.