Reform and Political Crisis in Brazil

Armando Boito is Professor at the State University of Campinas, Brazil. He is author of several books on Marxist political theory and Brazilian politics. He is editor of the Brazilian journal Critica Marxista.

• Preface to the English EditionList of Tables and Chartspart 1Reform and Social Classes in the pt Governments1 State, Bourgeoisie, and Neoliberalism in the Lula Government1 The Bloc in Power in the Neoliberal Period2 The Political Ascension of the Industrial Bourgeoisie and Agribusiness under the Lula Government3 Political Rise, but No Hegemony Established4 The Political Regime and the Hegemony of Financial Capital5 Final Considerations2 The Lula Governments The New “National Bourgeoisie” in Power1 fhc, Lula, and Disputes within the Bourgeoisie2 The Political Relations of the Big Internal Bourgeoisie with the Lula Government3 Contradictions within the Internal Bourgeoisie and the Neodevelopmentalist Front3 The Political Bases of Neodevelopmentalism1 The Neodevelopmentalist Political Front2 The Neodevelopmentalist Program3 The Classes and Class Fractions Integrating the Neodevelopmentalist Front4 The Contradictions in the Core of the Front4 Lulism, Populism, and Bonapartism1 The Concepts2 Varguism and Lulism3 Bonapartism and Lulism5 Neodevelopmentalism, Social Classes, and Foreign Policy in the pt Governments1 The Bloc in Power and the Neodevelopmentalist Political Front2 Foreign Policy and the Neodevelopmentalist Front3 Conclusion6 Neodevelopmentalism and the Recovery of the Brazilian Union Movement1 Neodevelopmentalism and the Union Movement2 The Union Movement’s Political Moderation3 The Growth of the Strike Struggle4 Final Considerationspart 2The Nature and Dynamics of the Crisis that Led to the Impeachment7 The Political Crisis of Neodevelopmentalism and the Instability of Democracy1 The Political Crisis2 The Neoliberal Bourgeois Offensive3 The Participation of the Upper Middle Class4 The Presence of the Working Classes5 The Instability of Democracy6 The Government’s Reaction and the Popular Movement8 State, State Institutions, and Political Power in Brazil1 The Bloc in Power and Class Alliances2 The Political Regime and the Contradictions within the State Bureaucracy3 bndes, Petrobras, and the Big Internal Bourgeoisie4 Judicial Institutions, the Associated Bourgeoisie, and the Upper Middle Class5 Final Considerations9 Operation Car Wash, the Middle Class, and State Bureaucracy1 The State’s Social Function, Social Classes, and Bureaucracy2 Operation Car Wash and the Middle Class3 The Middle Class and Corruption10 The Crisis of Neodevelopmentalism and the Dilma Rousseff Government1 A Couple of Things to Learn from the Crisis2 The Bloc in Power and Class Alliances3 The Political Crisis11 Why was the Resistance to the 2016 Coup D’état so Weak?1 The Internal Bourgeoisie was Divided in the Face of the Coup2 The Marginal Mass of Workers Remained Passive3 The Unionized Workers were Neutralized4 After the CoupAfterword Bolsonaro and the Rise of Neofascism1 When Can We Speak of Fascism?2 Bolsonarism is One of the Species of the Fascism Genre3 The Bolsonaro Government and the Originating Political Crisis4 Fascism and Bourgeoisie: Unity, Conflicts, and Conciliation5 Final ConsiderationsBibliographyIndex 220