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In 1976, China's 'education revolution' was being hailed by foreign observers as an inspiration for all low-income countries. By 1980, the Chinese themselves had disavowed the experience, declaring it devoid of even a single redeeming virtue. This is the first comprehensive book to cover the whole sweep of twentieth-century Chinese education, and to provide a detailed study of what occurred in the countryside under the radical Maoist education experiments during the Cultural Revolution. The study of both pre- and post-1949 China provided the crucial historical perspective to distinguish continuities from innovations. Rather than the epitome of good or evil, China's educational experiences of the 1970s instead emerged as the most tumultuous episode in a long and contentious struggle to adapt Western ways for use in a non-Western society.
1. Educational developments and the Chinese experience; Part I. Origins of Radical Education Reform: 2. Development dilemmas in the Republican era; 3. The inheritance; 4. The modern school system; 5. The critical backlash; 6. Early communist alternatives; Part II. Learning from the Soviet Union: 7. Introducing the Soviet Union; 8. The Soviet model for Chinese higher education; 9. Sino-Soviet regularization and school system reform; 10. Blooming, contending, and criticizing the Soviet model; Part III. Cultural Revolution and Radical Education Reform: 11. The origins of cultural revolution; 12. The great leap in education; 13. A system divided: walking on two legs into the 1960s; 14. Education reform as the catalyst for class struggle; 15. Education reform as the culmination of class struggle: the professional educator's perspective; 16. Education reform as the culmination of class struggle: the critical ideals triumphant at last; 17. The Cultural Revolution negated; 18. The mixed triumph of regularity; 19. Chinese radicalism and education development.
"This volume constitutes a breathtaking achievement, in terms of the wide range of sources drawn upon and the remarkable grasp Pepper has of the whole sweep of modern Chinese educational history." The China Quarterly